Meanders of systematics of Microsporidia. Taxonomical questions of Microsporidia, its systematic position and evolutionary relationship with other Eukaryota are discussed. Utilizations of modern methods of investigations of microsporidians cause new taxonomical troubles. At the present time it is difficult to create a clear hypothesis concerning the phylogeny and evolution of Microsporidia. Most likely they are representatives of a new kingdom of Eukaryota. Existing problems will not be dissolved until new detailed data concerning the new and common species are obtained.
Traditional classification of the nematodes, based on morphological-ecological characters was evaluated in the context of molecular analysis of systematic taxons, with special regards to ascarids. Division of superfamily Ascaridoidea into 4 families (Heterocheilidae, Ascarididae, Anisakidae, Raphidascarididae) proposed by Fagerhholm (1991) seems to be proved by the molecular data of Nadler (1992, 1995) and Nadler & Hudspeth (1998).
Na tle podziału typologicznego łąk omówiono szczegółowo łąki łęgowe. Wyróżnia się i charakteryzuje cztery rodzaje łąk łęgowych, ich powierzchnie, możliwości produkcyjne, dostępność do użytkowania i zabiegów pratotechnicznych, rolę i znaczenie łęgów w środowisku przyrodniczym.
Taxonomic descriptions and drawings of 33 species of Salticidae from the Oriental. Palaearctic and Pacific Regions kept in collections of several institutions in the USA. The following four genera are described as new: Burmattus, Iranattus, Menemerops, Udvardya; four species have been transferred to other genera; 22 species described as new.