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Herba Polonica
|
2009
|
tom 55
|
nr 3
147-152
Chemical analyses aimed to evaluate the contents of free phenolic acids, flavonoids and tannins at different anatomical parts of three wild strawberry cultivars: ΄Regina`, ΄Rugia` and ΄Baron von Solemacher`, originating from agrotechnical experiments, were carried out at Department of Vegetable and Medicinal Plants, University of Life Sciences in Lublin in 2008–2009. The differentiation of determined biologically active substances depending on a leaf part was observed. Mean contents of phenolic acids and flavonoids were the highest at leaf blades of ΄Rugia` amounting 1.27% and 2.66%, respectively. No significant differences in tannins contents depending on a cultivar were recorded, although leaf blades accumulated significantly higher quantities of tannins than petioles.
We investigated the effect of a triterpene saponoside from Lysimachia thyrsiflora L. upon the viability, proliferation, morphology and cell motility of human melanoma HTB-140 cells and human skin fibroblasts (HSFs). The compound, denoted LTS-4, decreased the viability and rate of cell growth of both cell types in a time-and dose-dependent manner, and proved cytotoxic against cancer cells at significantly lower concentrations than for fibroblasts. LTS-4 also affected the morphology of the examined cells, causing vacuolisation and actin cytoskeleton disintegration, and had an inhibitory effect on the tumour cell motility.
Stevia is a plant attracting attention due to its capability to synthesize a group of chemical compounds with sweet taste, i.e. steviol glycosides. Steviol glycosides are successfully applied as a natural sweetener, and some of them have also therapeutic properties. This paper presents available information on the use of stevia plant tissue cultures with the focus on their potential application in food industry. Detailed analysis was done concerning the research employing in vitro culture techniques and the use of them in biosynthesis of secondary metabolites of high importance for the food industry. Both established achievements and most recent publications on stevia were used for assessment of practical applications of the aforementioned techniques and prospects for their development.
The aim of the study was to analyse the effect of aflatoxin B₁ (AFB1) on total antioxidant status (TAS). The studies were conducted on Wistar male rats weighing 190-200 g. The animals were given for 7 d varied doses of AFB1, from 0.5 mg/kg b.w. to 2 mg/kg b.w. TAS and concentration of uric acid were determined in blood serum. The administration of AFB1 caused a decrease in TAS value, the most significant in the rats, which received the highest dose. AFB₁ disturbed the second line of defence against free radicals, which was proved by an increase in the second line defence antioxidant, i.e. uric acid.
A collection of 14 species of Patagonian plants was evaluated for tocopherol content and composition, plastochromanol, plastoquinone content and polyprenol composition. Total tocopherols varied from 35.77 µg/g in Mutisia decurrens to 798 µg/g in Philesia magellanica. In most cases tocopherol composition was dominated by α-tocopherol, which accounted for more than 90% of total tocopherols. Of all the investigated species only Misodendrum punctulatum showed higher content of γ- than α-tocopherol, which is unusual for mature leaves. Plastochromanol, a homologue of γ-tocotrienol, was found in leaves of 10 of the 14 examined species, and was highest in Araucaria araucana leaves (132 µg/g). Total content of PQ-9 (oxidized and reduced) was highest in Fuchsia magellanica (774.3 µg/g), Philesia magellanica (791 µg/g), Misodendrum linearifolium (569 µg/g) and Amomyrtus luma (518.5 µg/g). Analysis of polyprenol content in the leaves of investigated plant species revealed detectable amounts (> 10 µg/g d.w.) of polyprenyl esters in six of them. Accumulation of free polyprenols was detected only in Chusquea quila leaves. Selected organs of Philesia magellanica and Fuchsia magellanica were further quantitatively analyzed for tocochromanol and polyprenol content. With the methods applied, different patterns of the analyzed compounds were identified in all the samples studied. Our results reveal some trends that may be of taxonomic interest. Some of these species can serve as a rich source of such bioactive compounds as tocochromanols or polyprenols.
Twinflower (Linnaea borealis L.) is a widespread circumboreal plant species belonging to Linnaeaceae family (previously Caprifoliaceae). L. borealis commonly grows in taiga and tundra. In some countries in Europe, including Poland, twinflower is protected as a glacial relict. Chemical composition of this species is not well known, however in folk medicine of Scandinavian countries, L. borealis has a long tradition as a cure for skin diseases and rheumatism. It is suggested that twinflower has potential medicinal properties. The new study on lead secondary metabolites responsible for biological activity are necessary. This short review summarizes very sparse knowledge on twinflower: its biology, distribution, conservation status, chemical constituents, and describes the role of this plant in folk tradition of Scandinavian countries.
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