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The aim of this paper is the analysis of the relationship between actual soil moisture, which was determined in a laboratory as the weight content, and land moisture indexes applied in hydrology: anterior precipitation index by Lambor (IL ) and the American index (Ia). The relationship of both: actual soil moisture and anterior precipitation indexes with air temperature was also considered. The determination of actual soil moisture was performed within the modeling experiment at an experimental fi eld of the Agronomy Department of Warsaw University of Life Science in Chylice from 2001 to 2009. Daily precipitation and mean daily air temperature values were recorded at the meteorological station of the Agricultural Research Station in Chylice, located near the experimental field. The analysis, performed in this paper, considered the soil of the granulometric composition typical for lightsilty clay, and in 2006 it was typical for heavy-clayey sand. The statistical analysis, which was part of the research, involved the estimation of the relationship between actual soil moisture parameters, the actual soil moisture expressed as a percentage weight content, with mean decade air temperature and with one of two anterior precipitation indexes. The estimated relationships were expressed as linear equations by applying multi-dimensional regression analysis. Basing on the calculated correlation and determination coefficients it was concluded, that there was a significant relationship of the actual soil moisture and air temperature and there was also a significant relationship of the actual soil moisture and the anterior precipitation indexes, especially strong for the American index.
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Meteorological data from 1971–2005 from a meteorological station situated in Siedlce coma from the Institute of Meteorology and Water Management (IMGW). In the present paper, the number of days with recorded precipitation was determined applying the criterion of Olechowicz-Bobrowska. In order to examine moisture excess and shortage a (P-ETR) index (climatic water balance) was calculated. Dry and wet months were determined following the Kaczorowska method. Sequences of days without rain were determined on the basis of Koźmiński criterion (1986). An average number of days with recorded precipitation (≥ 0.1 mm) during the growing season amounted to 83 days. The periods without rain over the growing seasons most and least frequently occurred in April, August and October, and in June respectively. The highest water shortages in the analysed multi-year period were recorded in May and August. The positive balance between precipitation and evaporation was observed only in the autumn months (September, October).
The studies were conducted to determine the effect of total precipitation and its distribution during potato vegetation on the occurence of mechanical damages of potato tubers at harvesting. Four potato cultivars (Aba, Atol, Certa and Mila) were tested within the years 1987-1991. It was found that mechanical damage resistance of the potato tubers decreased as the rainfall total during vegetation increased. The reinfall in August and September affects significantly the soil moisture content during potato harvest and its increased rate caused more mechanical damages of potato tubers.
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