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The results of experiments showed an effect of magnetized water on the effectiveness of some selected zoocides. The control of red spider mite (Tetranychus urticae Koch) by Ortus 05 SC showed the highest effectiveness with strongly magnetized water, with use of one magnetizer and two semi-rings. On the other hand, the application of Magus 200 SC in combination with magnetized water showed a decreased effectiveness of insecticide. In the control of grain weevil (Sitophilus granarius L.), an increase in the effectiveness was found for the zoocides Talstar 100 EC, Karate 025 EC and Winylofos 550 EC in combinations with strongly magnetized water (three magnetizers or one magnetizer with two rings). In case of Sumi-Alpha 050 EC, high effectiveness of the treatment was obtained in combinations where water was magnetized in lesser degree, with use of one or two magnetizers. No significant differences were found in the effect of magnetized water on germination of bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) and cuckoo flower (Cardamine amara L.) plants.
Studies on food preference of two-spotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae Koch were carried out on 21 perennial weed species in cereals. Feeding of females of two-spotted spider mite placed on leaf disk of selected weed species lasted the longest on Ranunculus regens and Amoracia lapathifolia. Meanwhile, phase of initial feeding of two-spotted spider mite was the shortest. Time spent on searching for food varied, and the longest one was on Helichrysum arenarium, Agrimonia euparoria and Saponaria officinalis, while the shortest on R. regens and A. lapathifolia. However, if females of two-spotted spider mite had for choice 21 perennial weed species, then they preferred most Convolvulus arvensis, Urtica dioica and Ballota nigra, but least H. arenarium, Artemisia absinthium, Artemisia vulgaris, Medicago palcata and Taraxacum officinale.
The study on food acceptance of the two-spotted spider mite (Tetranychus urticae Koch) was carried out on 10 oat varieties. The two-spotted spider mite accepted all provided oat varieties. Females of the two-spotted spider mite, put on leaf cuttings of oat varieties fed permanently for the longest time on Koneser variety. For the shortest time, however, the two-spotted spider mite remained in the phase of initial feeding. However, the time spent on seeking food varied from the longest period on Akt and Sławko varieties to the shortest one on Koneser variety. Having a choice, females of the two-spotted spider mite, most accepted Szakal, Cacko and Kresus, and least Stoper and Sam varieties.
The influence of the two-spotted spider mite (Tetranychus urticae) on yield of apple trees was investigated. The experiment was conducted on irrigated and non-irrigatted 5-years-old apple trees of' Close' and 'Jonagold' cultivars grafted on M. 9. The popula, size of the pest exceeded four and two times the valid (in Poland) economic injury on trees of' Close' and 'Jonagold' cultivars respectively. No significant influence of on yield and its quality (mean fruit weight and fruit colour) was observed on both cultivars. Irrigation had positive effect on yield and quality of 'Jonagoid'. On the trees of ' Close' cultivar were positively influenced by irrigation only regarding fruits colour. Results of the study support opinion that the economic injury level for apple, with respect to two-spotted spider mite, should be higher than it is up to now.
Two spotted spider mite (Tetranychus urticae, Koch) is one of important apple orchards pest. Some of the commonly used acaricides against motil stages of this pest are those from the METI group (mitochondrial electron transport inhibitors). The aim of the study was to evaluate the prevalence of the phenomenon of resistance in apple orchards in Poland. The mites collected in orchards located in different regions of country were tested in laboratory with registered compounds belonging to the METI acaricides (Magus 200 SC, Ortus 05 SC, Sanmite 20 WP). Some of the tested populations were characterized by a high resistance, comparable with the resistance of individuals from laboratory breeding resistant strain Akita.
Maize (Zea mays L.) hybrid with the Bt transgene from the bacterium Bacillus thuringensis (Bt) (DKC 3421 YG) and its non-Bt near-isoline (DKC 3420) as well as Polish cultivar Bosman (HR Smolice) were subjected to drought stress and/or the two-spotted spider mite (Tetranychus urticae, Acarina: Tetranychidae) feeding to assess changes in the relative water content (RWC) and dry weight (DW) in leaves of different age (leaf: 7th, 8th, 9th, 10th). All plants were at the vegetative stage and grew under greenhouse conditions. The effect of both abiotic and biotic stress was analysed 4 and 6 days after treatment. The experiments conducted in two series showed that among examined maize cultivars, T. urticae feeding decreased RWC in Bosman cv. leaves only, while drought altered leaf RWC of plants in a similar manner – the older the leaf, the greater reduction of RWC. Drought alone and drought accompanied by T. urticae feeding significantly decreased RWC of maize leaves in all cultivars (DKC 3421 YG, DKC 3420, Bosman). Concluding, drought had a greater impact on leaf RWC of young maize plants than mite feeding.
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