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Among liquid biofuels the most practical meaning has the biodiesel production from vegetable oil. The European Union has been introducing regulations that oblige fuel corporations to use admixture of biofuels in petrol and diesel fuel oil. That is why, the demand for the rapeseed oil is dynamically increasing. In order to cope with the market’s challenges, Poland must increase (almost twice) the acreage of the rape sowing similarly to other European countries. The research conducted among rape manufacturers in Western Pomeranian province indicate that the growth of the rape participation in the structure of sowings, and plans for next years assume its expansion to more than 30%.
At the stage of the first or second leaf christmas rose seedlings were pricked to pots or to multiple pots, the roots being rolled or nipped off during the operation. The quality of young plants was estimated by determining the fresh weight, number, and length of leaves and roots. The best quality of young plants was obtained from christmas rose seedlings pricked at the stage of the second leaf and with roots rolled when planted to pots.
Do poważniejszych szkodników roślin w NRD należy Globodera rostochiensis i G. pallida. Występowanie G. pallida ogranicza się jedynie do pojedynczych ognisk, natomiast G. rostochiensis występuje powszechnie. Obecnie w okręgu rostockim zakażonych jest ok. 74% badanej powierzchni. Do 1983 r. na ponad 84 000 ha wprowadzono odmiany ziemniaka odporne na nicienie, w rezultacie czego porażenie pól zmniejszyło się do 20%. Około 50% gleb lekkich i średnich w południowym okręgu NRD jest porażonych przez mątwiki zbożowe. Obok Heterodera avenae występowały H. hordecalis, H. longicaudata i Punctodera punctata. Na buraku cukrowym oprócz Heterodera schachtii występuje drugi gatunek, tworzący żółte cysty, który stanowi prawdopodobnie monoseksualną rasę mątwika koniczynowego H. trifolii. Heterodera daverti został zidentyfikowany jako obojnacza forma mątwika koniczynowego w Stacji Doświadczalnej Sekcji Melioracji i Produkcji Roślinnej przy Uniwersytecie w Rostoku. W południowych rejonach NRD stwierdzono cysty Heterodera humuli na chmielu, jednak nie obserwowano wyraźnych szkód. W ostatnim czasie, szczególnie w gorących latach, stwierdzono występowanie Meloidogyne hapla, przede wszystkim w rejonach Poczdamu i Cottbus. Z wędrujących nicieni korzeniowych do najważniejszych należą Pratylenchus spp. Występowały one licznie na zbożach i na rajgrasie włoskim wywołując szkody - szczególnie na glebach kwaśnych przy uproszczonym płodozmianie. Ektopasożytniczy nicień Tylenchorhynchus dubius (500 osobników w 100 cm³ gleby) powodował w naszych doświadczeniach spadek plonu jęczmienia jarego o 32,2%. Groźnymi szkodnikami pąków i liści truskawek oraz innych roślin ogrodowych są: Aphelenchoides fragariae i A. ritzema-bosi. Ditylenchus dipsaci - nicień łodygowy - jest groźnym szkodnikiem obniżającym plony, głównie cebuli, w południowych rejonach NRD. Spośród nicieni występujących w regionach tropikalnych i subtropikalnych znajdowaliśmy Radopholus similis na Marantha i Calathea. Gatunek ten został jednak wyeliminowany, podobnie jak stwierdzony Pratylenchus scribneri na Vriesea splendens. W 1983 r. w okręgu Halle wyizolowano z rizosfery korzeni kukurydzy i fasoli karłowej gatunek osiadły - Rotylenchus borealis.
The work summarizes changes, which involved the sugar and sugar beet production in Turkey and in Poland, in the years 1995-2014. Sugar beet area in Turkey has decreased by 7% and in Poland by 48%. Harvest has increased by 51% in Turkey and has remained unchanged in Poland. Sugar beet yield has increased: in Turkey by 63% and in Poland by 97%. 71% farmers have stopped cropping sugar beet, while in Poland this share has been 87%. Mean plantation size has increased in Turkey by over a factor of 2 (compared to 1997), while in Poland it has been by a factor of almost 4. Sugar production in Turkey has dropped by 13% (compared to 1997) and in Poland it has grown by 29%. Three new sugar plants started operation in Turkey in the years 1995-2014. In Poland 58 facilities shut down. Turkey’s securing position of major sugar producer is to be expected, under the conditions of increased pace of production concentration and implementing new production technologies. Withdrawal of sugar production quotas in the EU resulted in increased sugar beet spring sowing in several member states, including Poland. Further developments in 2018 and in the following years shall depend on the profitability of sugar beet crops and of sugar production. Significant influence is also to be expected from the isoglucose competition, production of which is to enjoy quotas withdrawal, as well.
The paper aims to identify factors under climate change conditions that could impact innovativeness in grapevine growing in Poland. It is shown that today the viticulture cultivation in Poland is of little economic significance. However, based on primary data applied to econometric model, it is argued that driven by climate changes as well as due to other factors, grapevine growing might become a significant branch of agriculture. The estimates of the model, although randomized, suggest that there is a significant probability that in Polish viticultural farms adaptation measures applied as a respond to these factors will result with implementation of innovations and through overall development.
Nigeria, like most African countries, has engaged in agricultural liberalization since 1986 in the hope that reforms emphasizing price incentives will encourage producers to respond. Thus far, the reforms seem to have introduced greater uncertainty into the market given increasing rates of price volatility. This study amongst other things therefore seeks to determine and model the responsiveness of rice supply to price risk in Nigeria. Statistical information on domestic and imported quantities of rice was obtained for 41 years (1970 to 2011) from various sources, such as the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) database, Federal Ministry of Agriculture statistical bulletins, Central Bank of Nigeria statistical bulletins and National Bureau of Statistic (NBS). Data were analyzed using equilibrium output supply function, co-integration models, and vector autoregressive distributed lag model. Rice importation was statistically significant and changes in output were also responsive to changes in price. The results indicate that producers are more responsive not only to price and non-price factor but also to price risk and exchange rate. It is therefore imperative to reduce the effects of price risk as to increase the response of producer to supply by bridging the gap in production.
The aim of this study was to determine the factors affecting the development of production of pulses to be used as commodities or feeds on farms in Wielskopolska. The survey was conducted on 184 farms in 2012, where farmers were interviewed with a questionnaire. There was a minimal share of pulses in the crop structure on the farms under study. Low cost-effectiveness of production and yield instability were some of the reasons why the respondents did not start the production of pulses. Another important reason was the absence of the market to sell such products.
Biotechnology has potential to enhance the production of agricultural and industrial products for achieving food security and economic development. In agriculture, biotechnology enhances the production of high yielding and disease resistance crops necessary for achieving food security and industrial development. This paper examines the constraints in the application of biotechnology research to the production of cassava in Nigeria. The study utilized primary data collected through questionnaire administration and interview from three research institutions working on cassava biotechnology in Nigeria. Findings showed that weak infrastructural facilities, poor funding, inadequate competent personnel and absence of appropriate legislation are the constraints in the application of biotechnology to cassava production in Nigeria. In addition, one out of the three research institutions has adequate and regular electricity supply through its own captive power plant while the remaining two research institutions relied more on electricity from the national grid. Inadequate funding and shortage of competent personnel were peculiar challenge confronting all the research institutions covered by the study. The study recommends improvement in electricity supply, production of more biotechnology scientists and adequate funding to enhance biotechnology research in Nigeria.
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