Wyniki wyszukiwania - AGRO

1

Enhancement of pathogenicity of Bacillus thuringiensis by gamma rays

100%

Khan K. I., Jafri R. H., Ahmed M.

Polish Journal of Microbiology

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2004

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tom 53

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nr 3

Studies were conducted on the enhancement of pathogenicity of Bacillus thuringiensis by gamma rays on various species of termites. The results showed that the 72 hrs old and 60 or 70 kr irradiated culture of B. thuringiensis were more pathogenic than the non-irradiated ones. 168 hrs old and 150 kr (1.5 kGy) irradiated B. thuringiensis caused quicker mortality rate than the non-irradiated one as it shows maximum enhancement ratio (1.32).

2

A comparison of methods for assessing pathogenicity of Fusarium oxysporum isolates on watermelon

100%

Swiader M., Pronczuk M., Niemirowicz-Szczytt K.

Plant Breeding and Seed Science

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1996

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tom 40

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nr 1-2

3

Pathogenicity of Phomopsis viticola Sacc. for grape-vines [Vitis vinifera L.] under foil tunnel conditions

100%

Machowicz-Stefaniak Z., Kuropatwa E.

Phytopathologia Polonica

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1993

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tom 05

4

Mycoherbicidal potential of Alternaria alternata ITCC4896 for the control of Parthenium hysterophorus

100%

Saxena S., Kumar M.

Journal of Plant Protection Research

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2007

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tom 47

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nr 2

Mycoherbicides are special biotechnology products which contain fungi or fungal metabolites as nonchemical alternatives thereby reducing the input of harmful chemicals to control noxious weeds. The present communication emphasizes on the potential of an indigenous isolate of Alternaría alternata ITCC 4896 as a mycoherbicide for the global weed - Parthenium hysterophorus. Of the various spore concentrations tested by in vitro Detached Leaf Bioassay, 1x106 spores/ml was the most effective inducing 89.2% leaf area damage on the 7th day and was further tested by Whole Plant Bioassay. Both in vitro Detached Leaf Bioassay and Whole Plant Bioassay exhibited a similar trend in disease development showing 50% damage at 96 hours post treatment. However, 100% mortality was observed in the Whole Plant Bioassay on the 7th day. This is the very first report on the bioweedicidal potential of A. alternata ITCC 4896 (LC#508) for use as a mycoherbicide for P. hysterophorus.

5

The effect of selected herbicides on pathogenicity and growth of Nectria galligena Bres.

100%

Burgiel Z., Grabowski M.

Folia Horticulturae

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1996

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tom 08

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nr 2

6

Resistance and pathogenicity influencing toxin [DON] contamination of wheat varieties following Fusarium infection

100%

Mesterhazy A., Bartok T.

Hodowla Roślin, Aklimatyzacja i Nasiennictwo

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1993

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tom 37

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nr 3

7

Pathogenic variability and host resistance in the Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.ciceris-Cicer arietinum pathosystem

100%

Jimenez-Diaz R. M., Alcala-Jimenez A., Hervas A., Trapero-Casas J. L.

Hodowla Roślin, Aklimatyzacja i Nasiennictwo

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1993

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tom 37

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nr 3

8

When antibodies are antigens

100%

Milgrom F.

Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis

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2003

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tom 51

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nr 2

9

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Culture conditions of Phoma negriana Thum and the fungus pathogenicity towards grape-vine canes

86%

Krol E. D., Machowicz-Stefaniak Z., Zalewska E. D., Szmagara M.

Acta Scientiarum Polonorum. Hortorum Cultus

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2013

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tom 12

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nr 6

Phoma negriana is a little-known pathogen of grapevine canes but increasingly often it is listed in the countries of southern Europe and Asia. The work concerns a study of the opportunities for growth and development of the fungus at different temperatures, pathogenicity tests and the influence of biotechnical preparations on the growth and development of the fungus in vitro. Studies have shown that mycelial growth of P. negriana is possible at the temperature range from 5 to 32ºC with the thermal optimum from 20 to 24ºC. The optimal temperatures for the abundant sporulation was 20, 24 and 28ºC. The positive results of pathogenicity tests as well as re-isolation of the fungus from inoculated shoots confirmed the possibility of grapevine canes infection by P. negriana. A significant factor in facilitating infection were injuries of shoots, what indicates that the fungus is a facultative pathogen of grapevine. Biosept Active limited the growth and development of P. negriana significantly more strongly than Beta-Chikol. When it was applied at the concentration of 0.3%, it caused destruction and loss of fungal hyphae vitality.

10

Modern aspects on Shigella pathogenecity and vaccine development - a review

86%

Pal P.

International Letters of Natural Sciences

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2014

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tom 12

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nr 1

Shigella species are intracytosolic Gram-negative invasive enteropathogenic bacteria, causing the rupture, invasion and inflammatory destruction of the human colonic epithelium. They utilize the host cytoskeletal components to form propulsive actin tails. The so-called invasive phenotype of Shigella is linked to expression of a type III secretory system (TTSS) injecting effector proteins into the epithelial cell membrane and cytoplasm, thereby inducing local but massive changes in the cell cytoskeleton that lead to bacterial internalization into non-phagocytic intestinal epithelial cells. The molecular and cellular bases of this invasive phenotype essentially encompass crossing of the epithelial lining, apoptotic killing of macrophages, entry into epithelial cells, and escape into the cytoplasm, followed by cell-to-cell spread. Intracellular colonization is likely to protect the micro-organisms from killing by humoral and cellular effectors of the innate immune response. Concurrently, the capacity of Shigella to reprogram invaded epithelial cells to produce proinflammatory mediators plays a major role in the strong inflammatory profile of the disease. This profile is likely to impact on the nature and quality of the adaptive response, which is dominated by humoral protection at the mucosal level. In recent years, a large amount of information has been generated regarding the host, pathogen and environmental factors that impact the pathogenesis of shigellosis at the cellular and molecular level. This review summarizes what is currently known about Shigella, detailing those factors that contribute to pathogenesis and examining the current progress in the development of a vaccine.

11

Deceptive behaviour of Colletotrichum truncatum: strategic survival as an asymptomatic endophyte on non-host species

86%

Ranathunge N. P., Sandani H. B. P.

Journal of Plant Protection Research

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2016

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tom 56

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nr 2

Colletotrichum truncatum (syn. C. capsici), like many other members of the genus Colletotrichum, displays a highly developed infection mechanism against a number of agriculturally important crops. Among many survival strategies, C. truncatum is well known for its wide host range and high pathogenicity on several major crop species. Meticulous understanding of a pathogen’s infection mechanisms is the best way to achieve successful management of a disease. This study was carried out to evaluate the pathogenicity of C. truncatum on selected crop plants and weed species and to detect the possibility of non-host species to facilitate survival of the pathogen. Inoculation of an isolate of C. truncatum to four crops: curry chilli – Capsicum annuum (var. CA8), eggplant – Solanum melongena (var. Lena Iri), tomato – Solanum lycopersicum (var. Thilina) and green chilli – C. annuum (var. KA2) and three weed species: little ironweed (Vernonia cinerea), billygoat-weed (Ageratum conyzoides) and Bengal dayflower (Commelina benghalensis) resulted in approximately 3.5 disease severity (DS) (100% disease incidence-DI) on S. lycopersicum and C. annuum (var. KA2), followed by 2.8 and 1.8 DS (100%, 75% DI) on C. annuum (var. CA8) and S. melongena (var. Lena Iri), respectively. The three weed species were completely symptomless up to 8 weeks after the inoculation (WAI). However, microscopic studies and serial culturing of the inoculated tissues revealed the presence of the fungus in all the tested plants. Appressoria were present in all treated leaves and eventually broke their dormancy upon leaf senescence nearly 6 WAI. This study reveals the potential of C. truncatum infecting all tested crops and the capability of the three weed species in harboring the pathogen asymptomatically for several weeks. Thus, early management of inoculum in the field is suggested for C. truncatum diseases.

12

Investigation of isolated Blastocystis subtypes from cancer patients in Turkey

86%

Mulayim S., Aykur M., Dagci H., Dalkilic S., Aksoy A., Kaplan M.

Acta Parasitologica

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2021

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tom 66

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nr 2

13

The occurrence and pathogenicity of Phoma exigua Desm. var. exigua for selected species of herbs

86%

Machowicz-Stefaniak Z., Zimowska B., Zalewska E.

Acta Agrobotanica

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2008

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tom 61

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nr 2

P. exigua var. exigua was isolated from underground and aboveground organs of different herb plant species in the years 1998-2006. Pathogenicity tests of three randomly chosen isolates of the fungus T 299, T 261 and T 277 for thyme and of three isolates M 1657, M 1193 and M 1635 for lemon balm were carried out. The effect of water suspension of fungus spores on the germination ability of schizocarps and of infected soil on sprouting and seedling health was studied. The study of microscopic structures of the fungus developing on plants, isolation of the fungus on artifi cial media and macro- and microscopic analysis on standard media are essential for the correct identifi cation of P. exigua var. exigua. The polyphagous nature of the fungus is confi rmed by the obtained results. The tested isolates were found to be occasional pathogens of thyme and lemon balm in the studied conditions. The harmfulness of the tested isolates pointed to inhibition of schizocarp germination, sprouting of plants and the ability to cause necrosis of germs, roots and epicotyl.

14

Survival of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis within macrophages and induction of phagocytes death

86%

Stefanska I., Gierynska M., Rzewuska M., Binek M.

Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences

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2010

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tom 13

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nr 1

143-149

Since C. pseudotuberculosis is a facultative intracellular pathogen the aim of this study was focused on evaluating mechanisms that allowed these bacteria to survive in macrophages and determining their influence on induction of cell death. The influence of Corynebacteria on the programmed cell death of macrophages was determined on the basis of induction the autophagy and apoptosis in the cultures of murine macrophage cell lines J774 infected with bacteria. Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis strains could survive within macrophages more than 48 hours. During that time bacteria were released as a result of the process that lead to death of phagocytes. This property varied among studied strains. There was no increase of micro- tubule-associated protein I light chain 3 (MAP I LC3) activity in macrophages infected with examined strains comparing with uninfected cultures and cultures treated with autophagy inducer (rapamycin) that served as negative and positive controls, respectively. The study with confocal microscopy did not show the increasing of caspase-3 activity in the infected macrophages and their nucleus did not reveal the fragmentation.

15

First report of Ophiostoma karelicum from birch stands in Poland

86%

Jankowiak R.

Phytopathologia

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2011

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tom 59

16

Edwardsiella ictaluri LuxS: activity, expression, and involvement in pathogenicity

86%

Zhang M., Sun L.

Polish Journal of Microbiology

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2012

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tom 61

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nr 4

Edwardsiella ictaluri is a Gram-negative bacterium and the causative agent of enteric septicemia of catfish. In this study, we examined the expression and function of the LuxS from a pathogenic E. ictaluri strain, J901. J901 was found to produce autoinducer 2 (AI-2) activity that maximized at mid-logarithmic phase and was enhanced by glucose and repressed by high temperature. Consistently, a luxS gene (luxSEi) was identified in J901, whose expression was regulated by cell density, glucose, and temperature in a manner similar to that observed with AI-2 activity. Further analysis showed that LuxSEi is a biologically active AI-2 synthase that was able to complement the luxS-defective phenotype of Escherichia coli DH5. To examine the functional importance of LuxSEi, a genetically modified variant of J901, J901Ri, was constructed, in which luxSEi expression was blocked by RNA interference. Compared to the wild type, J901Ri was (i) reduced in AI-2 activity to a level of 59% of that of the wild type; (ii) impaired in both planktonic and biofilm growth; (iii) significantly attenuated in the ability to infect cultured fish cells and to cause mortality in infected fish; (iv) unable to induce the expression of certain virulence-associated genes. Addition of exogenous AI-2 failed to rescue the growth defect of J901Ri as free-living cells but restored biofilm production and the expression of virulence genes to levels comparable to those of the wild type. Taken together, these results indicate that LuxSEi is a functional AI-2 synthase that is required for optimal cellular growth and host infection.

17

Pathogenicity of selected isolates of the quarantine pinewood nematode Bursaphelenchus xylophilus to Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.)

86%

Filipiak A.

Journal of Plant Protection Research

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2015

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tom 55

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nr 4

The pinewood nematode (PWN), Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, is the causal agent of pine wilt disease (PWD). This nematode is considered to be an indigenous to North America and was introduced to Japan in the late 19th century. Subsequently, it has spread throughout Japan and in many other countries, China, Taiwan, and South Korea. In 1999, B. xylophilus was discovered in Portugal, and in 2008 in Spain. So far the studies have revealed that the pathogenicity of B. xylophilus varies between different isolates. The conducted study compared the pathogenicity of five isolates of B. xylophilus, originating from different parts of Japan, to 3-year-old Pinus sylvestris, and their ability to reproduce in the seedlings. The results revealed diverse virulence of B. xylophilus resulting in plant mortality. Three isolates S10, Ka4, and T4 caused 100% mortality of plants within three months while at the same time, the other two isolates, C14-5 and OKD-1 did not cause any disease symptoms on plants. After seven months, some dieback occurred on two seedlings, but similar symptoms were also found on the control plant. Moreover, a significant positive correlation was found between nematode virulence and the number of nematodes reproducing on pine seedlings.

18

Pathogenicity of Phoma complanata (Tode) Desm. towards angelica (Archangelica officinalis Hoffm.)

86%

Machowicz-Stefaniak Z., Zalewska E. D., Zimowska B., Król E. D.

Acta Scientiarum Polonorum. Hortorum Cultus

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2014

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tom 13

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nr 6

The plants of angelica Archangelica officinalis may be colonized by various species of fungi including Phoma species. The paper concerns the fungus Phoma complanata, isolated from above-ground and underground parts of angelica in 2009–2011. Pathogenicity tests according to Koch’s postulates were carried out on angelica plants using various methods of inoculation. Observations of the infection process were made using the scanning electron microscope (SEM). Three our own isoletes and reference isolate of P. complanata were used in the study. P. complanata was found to be a facultative pathogen of angelica, which enters to the plant through stomata and wounds without creating appressoria in the top part of the germination hyphae.

19

Study of Steinernema hermaphroditum (Nematoda, Rhabditida), from the West Uttar Pradesh, India

86%

Bhat A. H., Chaubey A. K., Shokoohi E., Mashela P. W.

Acta Parasitologica

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2019

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tom 64

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nr 4

20

Fulfillment of Koch’s postulates for in vitro pathogenicity of Musicillium theobromae (Turconi) Zare and W. Gams as the cause of banana cigar end rot disease

86%

Masudi S., Bonjar G. H. S.

Journal of Plant Protection Research

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2012

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tom 52

|

nr 4

Pathogenicity of Musicillium theobromae (Turconi) Zare & W. Gams (syn. Stachylidium theobromae Turconi, Verticillium theobromae E.W. Mason & S. Hughes) causing Banana cigar end rot disease has fulfilled Koch’s Postulates for the first time. To assess and prove the pathogenicity, M. theobromae mycelial discs and conidia were inoculated in triplicate to surface-disinfested green banana fruits. The bananas were infected both through artificial wounds as well as through intact unwounded fruits. After inoculation, the bananas were covered with moist cotton and incubated for 30 days at 23°C. Plain moist cotton was used on the controls. Those inoculated treatments kept under high relative humidity exhibited symptoms of banana cigar end rot disease. The controls and those kept under low relative humidity did not develop symptoms and remained healthy. The results indicated that both optimum temperature and high relative humidity are necessary for infection onset and disease development. It was also determined that infection can occur both through wounds and intact unwounded fruit epidermis. The cultural characteristics in M. theobromae were also investigated. It was found that the best mycelial growth occurred on potato dextrose agar (PDA) and the optimum pH for mycelial growth was 8.

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