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This study aimed to evaluate the rate of ecogenotoxicity caused by traffic emissions at sites in the vicinity of roads and at sites near planned highway construction using a pollen grain abortion assay with higher wild plant species. The relationship between pollen grain abortivity and distance from a road also was assessed. The highest values were found at a distance of 30 m, where the prevailing wind direction was parallel to the road. Wind blowing away from the road shifted this boundary to a distance of 350 m. The results showed the highest genotoxicity at the “Ring road” site, where the frequency of abortive pollen grains was 4.05 times higher than at the control site, and at the “Dubná Skala” site, with induction factor 3.48. Based on our results we can conclude that Chelidonium majus, Cichorium intybus, and Melilotus albus are suitable species for the detection of genotoxicity in the environment.
The paper presents the results of studies devoted to woody species composition in three types of mid-field woodlots (N = 183), located on the area of 5480 ha in the intensively managed agricultural landscape of Wrocław Plain (Lower Silesia, south-western Poland). The woodlots studied were divided into mid-field clumps (n = 74), water-edge hedgerows (n = 75) and avenues (n = 34). In general, in the three types of woodlots 77 woody plant species were found. To the most common species (50% frequency in all the woodlots) belonged: elder (Sambucus nigra), single-neck hawthorn (Crataegus monogyna), blackberry (Rubus spp.) and blackthorn (Prunus spinosa). For 21 species, statistically significant differences between frequency of occurrence in water-edge hedgerows and clumps were found. Ten species differed in frequency of occurrence between water-edge hedgerows and avenues. Differences between clumps and avenues were documented for 15 species. No significant differences were found in the occurrence of species dispersed by wind, animals and water, and between native species and those of foreign origin, in the respective types of woodlots. For the three types of woodlots studied, high statistically significant correlations were found between the size of woodlots (length for water-edge hedgerows and avenues, and area for mid-field clumps) and the number of recorded woody species. Based on the results obtained and literature data the mechanisms of the floristic diversity of mid-field woodlots were discussed.
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