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The subject of work are the Euro regions as institutions of crossborder cooperation organized at the borders of member states of the European Union and border regions of the neighbouring countries. The objective of the work is to present the functioning in Europe of models of trans-border cooperation development as well as an assessment of various forms of Euro regions created at the borderland of Ukraine. The author used official statistical data as well as legal regulations in place and information regarding activity of euro regions and subject literature. Within the work organizational infrastructure and the functioning of euro regions at the border of Ukraine were described in the short, medium and long perspective. Further development of trans-border cooperation requires strengthening of institutional structure of euro regions and a larger engagement of economic entties and social organs in cross-border areas.
In her article, the author looks at the institutional performance of landlocked developing countries (LLDC) during 1996, 2003 and 2012 as she believes that the effectiveness of institutional mechanisms in the countries determine economic development as well as geographical issues. As an assessment of the performance of LLDC on institutional development is a complex issue which evolves over a period of time; a comparative and analytical-synthetic method is believed to be suitable for meeting the objectives of the research paper. We found out that the institutional component is underestimated in the Almaty Programme of Action (APoA) as the United Nations document addressing the special needs of LLDC. We recommend the next Programme of Action focus more on institutional reforms as far as market-friendly institutions are the primary instrument of achieving the economic prosperity of LLDC through raising a civil society, promoting a good business environment, attracting investment and improving trade efficiency.
In this paper the attempt has been made to explain the process of land reforms in Poland from the institutional view by applying theories of institutional change and theories of political behaviour. The land reforms in transition period are generally considered, however some historical background is also provided.
Basically, women’s empowerment is the process (and its outcomes) in which women – individually and collectively- become active, knowledgeable and goal-oriented actors who take and/ or support initiatives to overcoming gender inequalities. Hence, women’s empowerment refers to a strategy to achieve gender equality as well as to the inherent capacity building processes. Institutional capacity aimed at women’s empowerment is not a clearly defined concept. Yet, effective capacity building requires conceptual clarification and common understanding among institutional actors. Therefore the following questions need to be answered: what do I mean by institutional capacity? How can it be developed? More specifically, how can it contribute to rural women’s empowerment and gender equality?
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