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Laboratory experiments were carried out in the laboratory of Raw Materials for Food Agronomic and Livestock Research of Agronomy Faculty of the Lithuanian University of Agriculture in 2009. The investigation focused on Solanum tuberosum L. cv. ‘Goda’ and Solanum tuberosum L. cv. ‘Solara’. The aim of this paper was to identify the effect of high/low temperatures on the potato tuber sprout initiation at the apical dominance stage. Potato tubers were exposed to different temperatures (-10°C, +5°C, +30°C, +40°C, +50°C) and time (30, 60 and 90 min) regimes. Control potato tubers were stored in light, + 18°C and photoperiod of 12 h. Before the test, the tubers were numbered, fixed eyes number on the upper, middle and lower parts of the tubers. After obtaining these conditions it was assessed that germinated eyes were numbered on the upper, middle and lower parts of the tubers. The dynamics of tuber sprout was determined with an interval of 7-14-21 days after high / low temperatures effect, and all seed tubers were analyzed. The present study confirmed that high (+40, +50°C)/low (-10°C) temperatures broke the apical sprout and increasing of the quantity of sprouting eyes.
Ide spermatozoa were genetically inactivated using ultraviolet (UV) irradiation. The highest survival of haploid embryos was noted in the group treated with UV for 5 min (dose 1920 J m-2). High-temperature shock influenced the suppression of the second polar body in ide oocytes. The highest survival rate of diploid gynogenotes (below 10%) was observed in groups shocked at 12 min after egg insemination for 3 min. Eggs shocked later in time exhibited lower survival rates.
We analyzed the effect of nest temperatures, fledging date, age at fledging, fledgling mass and size on post- fledging survival of Great Tits Parus major in eastern Spain. We manipulated temperature during nestling development in 26 nests (average temperature was 39.8, 34.6 and 26.4 °C for heated, control and cooled nest-boxes, respectively), and used radio-telemetry to monitor the survival of 48 nestlings (16 heated, 18 cooled, 14 controls) during the first 15 days after fledging. Heated chicks were lighter than control and cooled chicks. Estimated survival of heated fledglings was lower than that of controls. Additionally, survival of control fledglings increased with size, but this relationship was reversed for heated fledglings. Our results suggest that high temperatures experienced in the nest could have negative consequences on immediate post-fledging survival, and that smaller nestlings may deal more effectively with temperatures surpassing their optimal thermal range.
The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of acidification and heat on the survival of Clostridium spores in third category animal by-products. Poultry minced meat and minced fish waste, contaminated with Clostridium sporogenes IW 1306 spore suspension, were subjected to the combined action of formic acid and high temperature of different values. To assess the efficiency of examined hygienization method, the spore number in biomass samples after acidification and heat treatment was estimated. For this purpose a 10-fold dilution series in peptone water was prepared and heat-treated at 80°C for 10 min. After cooling-down, one milliliter of each dilution was pour-plated onto DRCM medium solidified with agar. Statistical analyses were performed using the Statistica software. The results of the microbiological analysis show that lowering the pH to about 4 results in increasing the sensitivity of Clostridium sporogenes spores to a high – but not exceeding 100°C – temperature. The fastest inactivation of spores occurred after heating the acidified biomass at a temperature of 90°C. In the case of meat the 48-hour exposure to formic acid allowed the thermal inactivation of the spores within 15 minutes. The investigated method of hygienization may guarantee not only the inhibition of spores germination, but also enables their total elimination, reducing the epidemiological risk related to animal by-products handling.
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