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A study was done on the feeding behaviour, development indices, and biochemical response of 4th instar larvae of Spodoptera littoralis in which seven cotton genotypes were used: Giza86, Giza88, Giza92, 10229 × Giza 86, H10, Suvin, and Karshenseki. Castor bean leaves were used as the control. All the tested cotton genotypes decreased the feeding behavior of S. littoralis larvae in terms of consumption percentages, consumption rate (CR), growth rates (GR), efficiency of conversion of ingested and digested food (ECI and ECD), approximate digestibility (AD), and feeding deterrence (FDI) compared to the control. Additionally, all the tested cotton varieties prolonged the time taken for larval and pupal duration and reduced both the pupation percentages and the weight of the resulting pupae, as compared to the control. Giza86 recorded the lowest values of both larval growth index and fitness (7.31 and 1.05, respectively) while the genotype Suvin recorded the lowest standardised growth index (0.020) more than other genotypes and the control that gave 10.16, 1.53, and 0.032, respectively. There was a significant inhibition in the level of both total soluble protein and total lipids, and activities of amylase and the trehalase enzymes in all the tested varieties, compared to that found in the control.
The paper deals with the dependence of the share of households’ food expenditure on the total expenditure and the household’s size. This problem is important in applied welfare economics. According to the Engel’s law, the poorer household, the greater proportion of its total expenditure is devoted to the food consumption. In the study, the Working-Leser model was applied to Polish households microeconomic data from 2000, 2005 and 2009.
The aim of this study was to analyse certain aspects of ethnocentric behaviour of vegetable purchasers in Warsaw. The research, in the form of a survey, was carried out among the adult population in 2015. Among the studied factors were consumers’ attitudes in relation to domestic and imported vegetables, depending on selected demographic characteristics. The analysis of empirical material has indicated ethnocentrism among vegetable buyers. Domestic vegetable purchases are primarily determined by practical advantages of the products. The choice of domestic products for mainly rational reasons points towards intentional ethnocentrism.
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Goal conflicts in consumer food choices

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Paper provides an analysis of goals and choices attached to food consumption. The study is an insight into intertemporal decisions that involve uncertainty and risk. Results were explained by a model of hyperbolic discounting that describes inconsistent preferences which appear to be frequent phenomena among hedonic and utilitarian goals when options are attributed to different moments.
One of factors which could possibly reduce the trend for the increasing incidence of obesity could be a decrease in energy value of consumed meals through the in- troduction of “light” food into the daily diet. The aim of this study was to assess the frequency of consumption of “light” food. Survey studies were conducted among 200 stu- dents (51% women) in the city of Poznań. For young people the most preferred “light” Products were yoghurts and soft drinks. Differences were shown in the preferences and frequencies of consumption between the group of women and men.
An investigation of food poisoning cases caused in our country by Salmonella spp has been carried out by the Sanitary and Epidemiological Station, in recent years. It has show that the majority of foci of this disease is related to the consumption of foods containing hen eggs which had not undergone heat treatment, such as mayonnaise, creams, ice cream and other products. The world egg production amounts to 400 billion; in Poland, it reaches the level of about 8 billion per year. Six hundred eggs purchased in 30 local markets in Olsztyn, Poland, were examined in respect to the presence of Salmonella spp. between June and September 1997. Salmonella spp. was not found on the shells or inside the eggs.
The paper describes a mechanism of defending active goals and prioritizing them. Research comprises a study of interdependence between consumer goals and patterns of devaluation that result in decreasing interest for competing goals and patters of revaluation of activities, products and attitudes that are means to active, primed goals. The explanation of results is based on theory of goal systems proposed by Kruglansky, in which goals are tightly connected with means, and there exists reverse dependency between activation of goals and means. Primed means could lead to goal activation, so as priming goals cause revaluation and devaluation effects for means to the goals. Described evidences show link between goals, which are motivational, based on knowledge structures and mental associations - affective concepts connected to attainment means.
Foods rich in sugar are an excellent substrate for the microorganisms that inhabit the initial sections of the gastrointestinal tract, and one of the most commonly available sources of sugar is the sweetened drink. Students represent an interesting sub-population; the large number of classes and associated stress levels promote fixing of unhealthy behaviors, e.g. tendency to consume a lot of sweetened drinks, for example cola-type or energetic drinks. Aim of this study was to determine the relationship between the amount of sugar consumed in beverages and the prevalence of fungi in the oral cavity. The investigated material consisted of oral washings. Participants completed original questionnaire regarding beverages consumed. The relationship between the consumption of sweetened beverages and risk of the presence of fungi in the oral cavity was determined. Fungi were isolated from 68.1% of examined subjects. Seven species of the genus Candida were observed. Higher prevalence of fungi was seen in the oral cavity of subjects who declared consumption of beverages containing sugar. 37.8% of respondents were found to consume with beverages doses of sugar exceeding the recommended daily requirement. Significantly greater prevalence of oral cavity fungi was noted in those exceeding the recommended GDA (76.3%), compared to of those who were not (68.7%). There were positive correlations between occurrence of fungi and consumption of sweetened carbonated drinks or adding sugar to coffee and tea. The addition of sugar to coffee/tea and sugar consumption above the recommended daily amount significantly increases the risk of colonization of the oral cavity by fungi. Students, due to invalid nutritional habits especially excessive consumption of beverages containing large amounts of sugar, belong to a group with a predisposition to the occurrence of fungi in the oral cavity.
The Common Agriculture Policy’s Fruit Scheme and School Milk Program are EU-wide institutional attempts to encourage consumption of selected food products among children by increasing their availability in schools. The number of pupils participating in both schemes in Poland has reached more than 67% and 38% of the appropriate target groups. Pilot studies, carried out in 2010 and 2011, indicate what products are most preferred by Polish schoolchildren from among those made available to them through the schemes. Circa 86% of the surveyed children living in cities would like to obtain more milk products in schools, especially yogurts. In order to make both CAP schemes more nutrition-oriented the education component should be strengthened since the availability and the price are important, but not exclusive determinants of food choice.
An analysis of rate of changes of bioeconomical value of 50 selected food products, amount of energy and protein purchased in the products for 1 000 zlotys as well as food consumption structure in households at different income level in 1988-1991 was made. The conclusion indicated that relation of bioeconomical values of all food products have been changed but still the cheapest energy source were grain products and fats. The cheapest protein source were grain products, milk and milk products. Average depreciation of bioeconomical value during investigated period of time varied from Tsr=-58.2% to Tsr=—79,8%. Portion of household expenses for food in all groups of households was increasing until 1990. In 1991 the expenditures for food were lower as compared to 1990.
Artykuł, w oparciu o wyniki wieloletnich badań i opublikowane prace, omawia najczęstsze zagrożenia zdrowotne związane z aktualnym żywieniem ludności w Wietnamie. Po zakończeniu w 1975 roku długotrwałej i wyniszczającej wojny w Wietnamie, jedną z najpilniejszych spraw była poprawa stanu odżywienia ludności. Z ostatnio przeprowadzonych badań nad sposobem żywienia i stanem odżywienia ludności wynikało, że przeciętna wartość energetyczna dziennej racji pokarmowej na wsi wynosiła 1925 kcal. Jest to wartość niższa o około 15% od zalecanej normy zapotrzebowania. Udział energii z tłuszczów wynosił zaledwie 6%ogólnej ilości energii a udział energii z białka był równy około 11%, jednak tylko 18% tego białka pochodziło z produktów zwierzęcych. Najważniejszym rodzajem niedoboru żywieniowego dzieci okazał się niedobór energetyczno-białkowy, który objawiał się najczęścej w postaci zahamowania ich rozwoju fizycznego. U osób dorosłych odsetek ludzi z niską względną masą ciała (BMI) świadczącą m.in. o niedoborze energii zwiększał się wraz z wiekiem. Z innych najczęściej występujących niedoborów w populacji dzieci wietnamskich wymienić należy niedobór witaminy A i kseroftalmię. Zagrożenie niedoborem witaminy A i kseroftalmią wynikało z faktu, że wietnamska dzienna racja pokarmowa jest uboga w produkty dostarczające witaminy A oraz w tłuszcze, a warzywa bogate w karotenoidy są niechętnie podawane małym dzieciom. Kolejnym częstym objawem złego stanu odżywenia ludności jest niedokrwistość występująca u kobiet w wieku rozrodczym i u dzieci. Ponadto w regionach górzystych spotyka się często występowanie wola endemicznego na tle niedoboru jodu pomimo, że od wielu lat istnieje program zwalczania wola głównie poprzez dodawanie jodu do soli kuchennej. Obecnie istnieje w Wietnamie program zwalczania niedoborów żywieniowych, który polega m.in. na promocji systemu WAC (ogród — staw rybny — hodowla zwierząt) w gospodarstwach domowych na wsi. Jego głównym celem jest urozmaicenie dziennej racji pokarmowej ludności oraz wdrażanie programu profilaktyki niedoboru witaminy A i kseroftalmii.
The aim of this study was to analyse potential differences between Belgian and Polish consumers in intention to consume chocolate. Research procedure is based on the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB), which is a method applied in investigation of performance where a problem of incomplete volitional control exists. In this context, the chosen method seems adequate especially after two modifications. First, is inclusion of an affective component, which is analysed through the preference score and the taste index. A second modification lays in addition of self-stated habit. The results are presented in cross-country design. In the current study, the TPB model is only a part of the framework in which affective, conative, and cognitive dimensions are jointly analysed. The proposed Cognition and Affection-Related Behavioural Intention (CARBI) model enables a comparison of the strength of influences between countries in the total sample. Data evaluation by correlation, multiple regression and the analysis of variance is implemented. Results show a clear difference in perceived behavioural control, while the attitude component is a strong predicting variable for both countries. Preference for chocolate does not add to predictive power of consumer intentions in contrast to the self-stated habit. The region of living and personality of respondents are considered as good predictor variables.
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