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Inhaled corticosteroids have a high level of topical anti-inflammatory activity. However, in patients with COPD these drugs have been reported to exert limited effects. A reduction in histone deacetylase (HDAC) activity is suggested to prevent the anti-inflammatory action of corticosteroids. Cigarette smoke is known to reduce HDAC expression. The aim of this study is to compare the outcome of corticosteroid therapy in both smoking and non-smoking COPD patients. Twenty-three smoking patients and 18 ex-smoking patients with COPD were treated with inhaled corticosteroids for a period of 2 months. Blood and induced sputum samples were collected before and after treatment. Values of FEV1 %-predicted did not change upon the therapy, but there was a trend to improve in the ex-smokers (63.1 64.8%-pred.), compared with a decrease in the smokers (63.3 61.6%-pred.). The levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-8 increased in the group of smokers from 379 ±78 to 526 ±118 ng/ml. Although not significant, a slight decrease from 382 ±70 to 342 ±62 ng/ml was observed in the group of ex-smokers. The neutrophil related elastase activity showed similar effects after steroid treatment, it went up from 36.4 ±12.0 to 113.5 ±9.7 nmol/l in smokers, and decreased from 346.2 ±72.1 to 131.1 ±6.5 nmol/l in ex-smokers with COPD. These results support the evidence that inhaled corticosteroids have no anti-inflammatory effects in COPD patients, but only when these patients are still smoking. Smoking cessation seems the best therapy for COPD patients.
The aim of this study was to find out if cigarette smoking influences the Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Pb, Zn, K, Na, Ca and Mg contents and mutual relationships between these elements in teeth. The content of elements was determined by means of atomic absorption spectrometry in the smokers' and non-smokers' teeth. It was concluded that the cigarette smoking results in the significant increase of Cd, Zn and Cu contents in teeth and that the supply of heavy metals from cigarette smoke to human organism influences the mutual relationships between the elements in a tooth structure.
The aim of the study was to assess addictions among students in the years 2000-2003. One hundred and thirty students were recruited for questionnaire investigations in the year 2000, 128 and 121 participated in the subsequent years. The age range was 19-23 years. In the study period, a slight increase was observed in the percentage of cigarette smoking among male and female students. Alcohol consumption showed a slightly growing tendency in women. A rise was found in the percentage of both men and women drinking tea and of men drinking coffee. The students involved in the study were neither psychoactive drug- nor pharmaceutic-addicts.
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are DNA adducts forming carcinogens. The DNA adducts, especially 8-oxoguanine (8-oxoG), are the established biomarker of environmental genotoxic compounds exposure. The aim of this study was to determine the 8-oxoG presence in peripheral blood lymphocytes of 27 coke oven workers and 21 rural area inhabitants comparison. The study and control groups were not significantly different according to %8-oxoG-positive lymphocytes. In the control group the difference between smokers and non-smokers was significant (p<0,01). %8-oxoG in non-smokers from the study and control groups were significantly different (p<0,009). The occupational exposure and smoking cigarettes are important oxidative DNA damage causing factors.
Analysis of the connection between giving up smoking and demographic factors, subjective health ailments and the grade of nicotine addiction according to Fageström. The anonymous survey study assumed 25 247 students, aged 15-19 years old. The respondents came from 75 towns, randomly selected from 16 provinces. The following statistic procedures have been used to identify the factors that influence the giving up smoking process by Polish high school students: test of homogeneity chi-square, Pareto analysis and multivariate discriminatory analysis. Conclusions: High grade of nicotine addiction according to Fageström was noticed despite young age. Discriminatory model allows precise prediction of giving up smoking. Cough, lowered effort tolerance and chest pain were the most frequently mentioned health ailments.
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