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Babesjoza - trudnosci diagnostyczne

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Human babesiosis is caused predominantly by B. microti and B. divergens, a protozooan parasites of red blood cells. Both are transmitted by Ixodes ricinus ticks, also the primary vector of Lyme disease. Clinical manifestation varied widety from asymptomatic infection to a serve rapidly fatal disease. The diagnosis of babesiosis include examination of stained blood smers, serological evaluation indirect antibody tests and PCR. With the evolution PCR - based techniques, the diagnosis and monitoring of babesial infections became more sensitive and reliable.
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The aim of the study was to enhance specificity of immunological diagnosis in toxocarosis. The investigations concem: detection of circulating parasite antigens using dot-ELISA technique and detection of specific IgG antigodies using ELISA test with low molecular weight (≤30 kD) excretory-secretory (ES) larval T. canis antigens. The circulating antigens were investigated in 60 sera and 20 anterior chamber fluids from children with ocular form of toxocarosis. These antigens were present only in 3 sera and 2 anterior chamber fluids in children with active intraocular inflamation and fluid antibodies titers 1:5120 and 1:20000. Comparative study with different ELISA tests indicated that use of low molecular weight antigens increase specificity of reaction.
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Parazotozy jelitowe w swietle wlasnych spostrzezen

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In the period 1997-2000 3968 samples were examined. Parasitological material came from 3174 children and 794 adults. Infection with intestinal protozoan and helminthes was noted in 80.2% of children as well as in 18.5% of adults (to 65 year old) and in 1.3% of patients over 65 year old. Among the children the most often were eggs of Enterobius vermicularis (detcetcd by tongue depressor covered with a transparent adhesive tape) and Giardia lamblia (diagnosed on the detection of coproantigens GSA 65 - commercial kits). Every year the detection of G. lamblia in children was the highest in the autumn-winter months what proved the summer in-fcctions. E. vermicularis occurred more often than G. lamblia however without the seasonal peaks.
The study compares chronologically the weeks in which Trichinella spiralis infected meat was consumed. The first symptoms appeared and clinical diagnosis of trichinellosis was made in 37 patients. Several factors were responsible for the delay in final diagnosis of trichinellosis: widely distributed infected meat, contemporary common respiratory viral infections in population with fever and myalgia, diagnostic difficulties in the first index case.
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Pasozyty jako wektory w srodowisku wodnym

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Parazytozy w stanach niedoborow immunologicznych

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The congenital or acquired cause the state of immune deficiency. To acquired factors belong immunosuppressive therapy after grafting and in systemie diseases as infections with HIV. There is a number of parasitic organisms, mainly protozoa, which preferentially settle in immunocompromised persons. The opportunistic parasites are present in the nearest environment. Some of them were newly recognized as human invaders. The state of immune deficiency may reactivate latent infections, that occurs with Toxoplasma gondii infection. Some parasitic infections which are benign and self - resolving, when affecting immunocompetent hosts, become fulminant or disseminated and very often life - threatening in immunosuppressed individuals.
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Toksokaroza oczna - przypadek kliniczny

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A case of ocular toxocarosis treated by Hetrazan (diethylcarbamazine) was described.
It bas been suggested to change the present way of serological diagnosis of echinococcosis in Poland which utilizes immunoelctrophoresis for confirmation of positive results in a screening test. Diagnostic procedure should be indicated with a sensitive test, such as indirect haemagglutination or immunoenzymatic assay, and every positive result should be verifies later using a Western-blot method in order to detect the most specific reaction with 8 kDa fraction of Echinococcus antigen. Further diferentiation of the infecting species may be accomplished with the aid of Em2 plus ELISA test which detect antibodies speeific for E. multilocularis.
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