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Chosen physical parameters of the lucerne juice

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Рабога содержит результаты измерений величины коэффициента преломления - n, коэффициента экстинкции - Е, проводимости - γ во время коагуляции и фильтрации сока из люцерны. Эти 3 параметра сильно зависели от концентрации сухой массы в соку во время отделения белка. Параметры Е и n могут применяться обменно для определения процентной концентрации сухой массы, что является более быстрым и простым исследованием, а также увеличивает точность определения. Возможность точного измерения гамма-проводимости позволяет исследовать изменения в пробах из очередных сборов, после сбора, а также зависимость от степени спелости и других факторов, влияющих на химический состав сока.
Chemical composition of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) isolated from an effective (97) and ineffective (87) strains of R. l. viciae has been determined. LPS preparations from the two strains contained: glucose, galactose, mannose, fucose, arabinose, heptose, glucosamine, galactosamine, quinovosamine, and 3-N-methyl-3,6-dideoxyhexose, as well as glucuronic, galacturonic and 3-deoxyoctulosonic acid. The following fatty acids were identified: 3-OH 14:0, 3-OH 15:0, 3-OH 16:0, 3-OH 18:0 and 27-OH 28:0. The ratio of 3-OH 14:0 to other major fatty acids in LPS 87 was higher that in LPS 97. SDS/PAGE profiles of LPS indicated that, in lipopolysaccharides, relative content of S form LPS I to that of lower molecular mass (LPS II) was much higher in the effective strain 97 than in 87. All types of polysaccharides exo-, capsular-, lipo, (EPS, CPS, LPS, respectively) examined possessed the ability to bind faba bean lectin. The degree of affinity of the host lectin to LPS 87 was half that to LPS 97. Fatty acids (FA) composition from bacteroids and peribacteroid membrane (PBM) was determined. Palmitic, stearic and hexadecenoic acids were common components found in both strains. There was a high content of unsaturated fatty acids in bacteroids as well as in PBM lipids. The unsaturation index in the PBM formed by strain 87 was lower than in the case of strain 97. Higher ratio of 16:0 to 18:1 fatty acids was characteristic for PMB of the ineffective strain.
The objective of this study was to determine the relationship between selected soil properties and the chemical composition of Trifolium repens in swards of permanent grasslands in the Olsztyn Lakeland. The study was carried out in 2005-2008 on permanent grasslands with a high share of legumes in the sward. A total of 26 meadow and pasture sites were investigated where the share of Trifolium repens in the sward ranged from 5% to 25% (2 points on the Braun-Blanquet cover scale). Phytosociological releves were done by the Braun-Blanquet method in selected grasslands in the most representative phytocenoses covering an estimated area of 25 m2. Soil samples were collected at a depth of 5-15 cm for analyses of the physical and chemical properties of soil. Samples of plant material of Trifolium repens were also collected from each treatment for chemical analyses. Analyses of soil composition and nutrient content in plant material were carried out with the standard methods. Bulk density, actual moisture content and water-holding capacity were determined by the oven-drying and gravimetric method, acidity was measured in KCl solution with the concentration of 1 mol dm–3, phosphorus and potassium content were determined by the Egner-Riehm method, magnesium content – by the Schachtschabel method, calcium and sodium content – by the universal method proposed by Nowosielski, and copper, zinc, manganese and iron content – by atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS). Plant material was analysed to determine the content of total nitrogen – by the Kjeldahl method, crude fibre – by the Henneberg- Stohman method, phosphorus – by the vanadium-molybdenum method, potassium, calcium and sodium – by flame photometry, magnesium and micronutrients by AAS. The highest number of communities with Trifolium repens were noted on light and medium textured soils with high and very high content of Mg, moderate abundance of Ca and micronutrients, moderate and low levels of P, low content of K and slightly acidic pH. Dry matter of Trifolium repens was characterised by high total protein content and optimal crude fibre content. A mineral composition analysis revealed optimal levels of phosphorus, magnesium and sodium, excessive content of potassium, calcium and manganese, and deficiency of copper, zinc and iron. A significant relationship between the chemical properties of soil and the content of total protein, crude fibre and mineral components in white clover dry matter was confirmed.
An analysis chemical composition of 33 samples of five cereal grains harvested in oneyear led to a conclusion that the greatest variations and statistically significant differences (P≤0.01) among cereals existed in their content of crude protein, crude fibre and the following fractions of dietary fibre: NDF,ADF, TDF, IDF and SDF.Analyzed winter wheat and winter rye varieties differ significantly (P≤0.01) from other cereal grains in their content of magnesium, potassium, sodium, phosphorus, manganese, zinc and show a statistically significant difference (P≤0.05) in the content of calcium and copper. The average total content of amino acids was highest in wheat and lowest in winter barley. Lysine was found to be the first amino acid limiting (CS) the quality of protein in all analyzed varieties of cereal grains, with the exception of rye, while tryptophan was found to be such an amino acid for animals (WE). The high content of essential amino acids (EAA) was reflected in EAAI, which forWH ranged from 71% (spring barley) to 84% (winter triticale), and forWE from 51% (winter barley) to 60% (winter triticale).
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The content of dry matter, total protein, ether extract, crude ash and crude fibre was determined in the plant material. In addition, the BAW was calculated and the content of: Mg, Ca, K, Na, Fe, Cu, Mn and Zn was assessed. The highest (P < 0.05) concentration of nutrients in dry matter was characteristic of fennel flower and green pepper.The highest abundance of minerals in crude ash was found in lovage and marjoram (144.4-116.6 g kg-1), and of total protein – in common basil and lovage (208.8 and 185.4 g kg-1). The highest (P < 0.05) content of crude fat was determined in common juniper, nutmeg, green pepper, marjoram and rosemary (on average 17.18 g kg-1) and of fibre in coriander (107.2 g kg-1), while the highest BAW was recorded in nutmeg, white pepper and rosemary (on average 730.9 g kg-1). The % RDA and AI coverage were estimated for consumers aged 31-50, assuming that the intake of the analysed culinary herbs is equivalent to 1g per day. The herbs had highly differentiated content of the analysed minerals. Common basil contained the highest amounts (P < 0.05) of macroelements: Mg, Ca, K and Na (79.8, 1278, 2135 and 218.5 μg g-1, respectively) and microelements: Fe, Cu and Mn (26.31, 1.95 and 8.56 μg g-1, respectively). Of all the herbs, fennel flower was the most abundant (P < 0.05) source of Zn (74.53 μg g-1), while juniper and green pepper was the richest in Mg (an average content 86.8 μg g-1), marjoram and lovage – in Ca (1666 and 1041 μg g-1 respectively), and red pepper – in K (2114 μg g-1). According to calculations, the consumption of 1 g of the above herbs can cover up to approx. 0.1% of RDA (Mg, Ca,) and AI (K, Na) and up to 0.6% of RDA (Fe, Cu, Mn, Zn).
Eupatorium triplinerve Vahl belongs to the Asteraceae family, popularly known as Ayapana. It is a perennial shrub native to Amazon rainforests of South America. Its leaves are used through infusions, decoctions, baths, and tea. It is largely used in Brazilian folk medicine as sedative, febrifuge, stimulant, tonic and anti-inflammatory. The essential oil from aerial parts of Eupatorium triplinerve was analysis by gas chromatography mass spectroscopy (GC-MS). Thirty compounds representing 98.24 % of the oil were identified. The major compounds were 2-tert-butyl-1,4-methoxybenzene (74.3 %) and b-Selinene (8.6 %). The antibacterial activity of the essential oil was evaluated against ten bacteria (including Gram positive and Gram negative) and six phytopathogenic fungi. The oil exhibited moderated antibacterial and strong antifungal activity against all the test pathogens. The highest zone inhibition was recorded against Salamella typhae (21 mm) followed by Shigella sonnei (18 mm) at a concentration of 20μl/ disc on the other standard Ampicillin 20mg/ disc showed on average of 14-34 mm diameter of zone inhibition against the test organism. The lowest antifungal activities were recorded against Macrophomina phaseoline, and Botryodiplodia theobromae. The highest Alternaria alternate (12000 ppm). Further pharmacological and toxicology studies will be required to establish the therapeutic uses of this oil.
On the basis of 136 soil samples collected from an area of Poland, the effect of the content of organic carbon in the soil on the chemical composition of soil solution was analyzed. With an increase of organic carbon content in the soil, a significant increase of calcium and to a lesser extent of magnesium, bicarbonates and phosphates in the soil solution was observed. No correlation was noted between the organic carbon soil content and the concentration of aluminium in the soil solution. The contents of organic matter in the soil influenced the concentrations of microelements in the soil solution more than the macroelements content in this soil. The concentrations of manganese, iron, zinc and copper were positively correlated, the concentration of molybdenum was negatively correlated and the concentration of boron did not show any relationship with the soils content of organic carbon.
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