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Mean body weight gains in standard mink depending on the number of kits in a litter. The objective of the study was to determine the effect of litter size from which animals came on their weight at weaning and pre - slaughter, and as a consequence also on their mean daily gains. The study was conducted on a population of 330 mink, divided into groups depending on the size of litter from which they came: I (2–4 kits) – 74 animals (44 ♂, 30♀), II (5–7 kits) – 170 animals (92 ♂, 78♀), III (8–10 kits) – 86 animals (44 ♂, 42♀). We established a significant effect of litter size on body weight at weaning and mean daily gains. Animals from smaller litters were found to have a higher body weight at weaning; whereas higher gains were observed in animals coming from bigger litters. Pre-slaughter body weight was similar in all assessed groups.
A relation was studied between body weight measured at the age of 3, 6 and 12 months in Polish Holstein-Friesian (HF) heifers (n=111) and young bulls (n=87) and C/T polymorphism within intron IV of bovine osteopontin encoding gene (SPP1). Three half-sib (HS) families were considered, each sired by heterozygous C/T sire. Significant association was found of SPP1 C>T SNP with body Wright in all the analysed HS progeny groups of young heifers and bulls. Within young bulls the differences were identified (P≤0.05) in body weight between the SPP1 genotypes (8514C/C, 8514C/T, 8514T/T) in month 3, 6 and 12 of age. Within heifers, however, the differences (P≤0.05) were found in the progeny groups aged 6 and 12 months. Moreover, when data from bulls and heifers were pooled (n=198) the highly significant effect (P≤0.01) of SPP1 genotype on body weight was observed at the age of 6 and 12 months.
Leptin and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) were proved to act in concert to control the activity of feeding centres. Since leptin receptor was identified in the gut endocrine L cells and neurons producing GLP-1, we have checked whether GLP-1 mediates the effects of leptin on feeding and drinking behaviour. To this aim, an intraperitoneal or intracerebroventricular injection of exendin (9 - 39), a GLP-1 antagonist, (50 or 10 µg per rat, respectively) followed by leptin (100 or 5 µg per rat, respectively) was made and 24-hour food intake and body weight changes were measured. Previous injection of exendin (9 - 39) completely abolished the suppressory effect of peripheral leptin on food intake and body weight gain. Moreover, exendin (9 - 39) significantly attenuated the effect of intracerebroventricular leptin on food but not water consumption. It is concluded that intact GLP-1 signalling is necessary to mediate the effect of leptin on food intake in the rat. Conversely, leptin seems to affect the thirst center function independently of GLP-1. Also, these findings produce further evidence for close interactions between long- and short-term factors regulating the activity of feeding centres.
Scientific research has demonstrated that different compounds containing copper are capable of stimulating body weight gains, improving the health of animals and attaining high production performance without causing excessive accumulation of various chemical compounds in animal tissues. Besides, copper has been reported to exert a positive effect on the immune system, haematological blood markers and the microbiological balance in the gastrointestinal tract of turkeys. The experiment was conducted on 60 BUT-9 line turkeys. The birds were divided into 5 experimental groups. Each group included 12 turkeys kept in cages. The bird were reared for 19 weeks. The first group served as control. Group II received CuSO4 added to water in a dose of 10 mg Cu dm–3 H2O. Group III was com posed of birds administered a Cu chelate with lysine in a dose of 10 mg Cu dm–3 H2O. Group IV received CuSO4 in a dose of 20 mg Cu dm–3 H2O, whereas group V were given a Cu-lysine supplement in a dose of 20 mg Cu dm–3 H2O. The birds were fed commercial complete feed mixes. The copper preparations were added to drinking water since the 3rd week of rearing. The objective of this study has been to determine the effect of Cu supplementation in the organic and inorganic form and in two doses on the health of birds and on accumulation of minerals in their breast muscle and liver. Further analyses involved the determination of haematological and biochemical markers in blood as well as assays of selected minerals in the birds’ blood, breast muscle and liver. The analysis of the results indicated that the doses of copper improved the health of the turkeys, as verified by better haematological markers. Statistically significant difference appeared in the group receiving 20 mg Cu dm–3 H2O irrespective of the chemical form in which copper was administered. The study also shows that Cu supplementation has a significant effect on the metabolism of lipids and a non-significant impact on the content of mineral elements in the analyzed tissues. It was not until the 20 mg dose of Cu as a chelate had been applied that the accumulation of copper in the turkey’s liver was enhanced.
In a study on the ability to produce milk by chinchilla dams and growth rate of their offspring from litters of different sizes, the mean birth weight of a neonate was 60.4 g (SD=15.2). Pups born as singles had the highest mean birth weight – 72.2 g (SD=16.9) – compared to 59.5 g (SD=12.6) of individual twins and 49.3 g (SD=5.9) of individual triplets. Pups born as singles were also characterized by the highest body weight gain. The milk yield of dams over the first three weeks of lactation varied depending on litter size and amounted to 281.1, 468.3 and 518.19 g per female with one, two and three pups, respectively. Pearson’s correlation coefficients showed the strong relationship between the milk yield and litter weight on day 14 of lactation (r=0.8; P<0.001).
W grupie chorych z zespołem wyniszczenia nowotworowego po zastosowaniu octanu megestrolu zaobserwowano wyraźny wzrost łaknienia, czego efektem był przyrost masy ciała.
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