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Delayed tendon healing is still found to be among the complications that occur most often after tendon repair. The role of local injection of Artemisia absinthium was evaluated in healing of experimental Achilles tendon injury in rabbits. In nine adult New Zealand rabbits a partial thickness tenotomy was created on both hindlimbs. A. absinthium extract and normal saline were respectively injected daily to treatment and control groups for three days. On the day 7 after injury, the tendon sections showed that healing rate in A. absinthium treated group was higher than that in control group. Furthermore, at days 14 and 28, comparison between A. absinthium treated group and control group demonstrated that A. absinthium increased the healing rate but with no significance. Results of this study have showed that application of A. absinthium extract can improve healing process of damaged Achilles tendon.
Inhibition of oxidation of 2,2'-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) by free radicals generated by decomposition of 2,2'-azobis(2-amidopropane) (ABAP) by antioxidants and biological material was studied. A correlation was found between the ability of various substances to delay the onset of ABTS oxidation and their rapid reduction of the ABTS+* cation radical, and between the ability to reduce the maximal rate of ABTS oxidation and slow reduction of ABTS+*. The length of the lag period of ABTS oxidation was found to be independent of ABTS concentration. Similar decrease of peroxynitrite-induced ABTS+* formation by antioxidants was observed when the antioxidants were added before and after peroxynitrite. All these findings indicate that the main effect of antioxidants in this system is reduction of ABTS+* and not prevention of its formation. Reduction of oxidation products rather than inhibition of their formation may be the predominant mode of action of antioxidants in various assays of antioxidant activity.
Drying is the most common and also the simplest method of preserving fresh plant materials. This process greatly extends the life of the product by the removal of water, which decreases the rate of chemical and enzymatic reactions, or even inhibits them. The drying step can cause a change in appearance, taste, color and consistency, as well as reduce the quantity of essential oils, polyphenols, pigments and vitamins. These changes can be significantly reduced by using suitable drying techniques, depending on the material. The choice of the technique should be based on knowledge of the biological, physical and chemical characteristics of the raw material. The paper presents the effects of drying on the quantitative loss of essential oils and compounds with antioxidant properties, as well as changes in the antioxidant properties of selected herbs and spices dried by different methods. Both, the food industry and the cosmetics or pharmaceuticals industry generates a demand for high-quality raw materials, and hence research is being conducted both on preservation methods and on their impact on the quality of the obtained material. It seems that the new technology of drying material in a fluidized bed, greatly reduces or even eliminates the disadvantages of current procedures.
The purpose of the present study is to investigate whether the alcoholic extract of Graptophyllum pictum (L.) Griff. could decrease the intensity of nephrotoxicity in albino rats. Cisplatin at a single dose of 12 mg/kg body weight was administered intraperitonially to albino male Wistar rats. Nephrotoxicity was assessed by determining the serum creatinine and urea levels as well as renal antioxidant status in rats after cisplatin administration. Ethanolic extract of G. pictum at 150 and 300 mg/kg body weight was administered orally after cisplatin injection for 15 days. The extracts could significantly reduce the elevated serum creatinine and urea levels. Renal antioxidant defence systems, such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase activities and reduced glutathione level, depleted by cisplatin therapy were restored to normal by treatment with the extract. Cisplatin induced lipid peroxidation was also found markedly reduced by treatment with the extract. This result indicated that ethanolic extract of G. pictum rendered significant preventive effect against cisplatin induced nephrotoxicity.
Two theories, one based on the metabolism of inorganic substances, the other on metabolism of organic substances, have played an important role in the explanation of the origin of life. They demonstrate that the original environment of life on Earth was seawater containing micronutrients with structural, metabolic and catalytic activity. It is assumed that the first primitive organisms lived around 3.8 billion years ago and it was also then that the first catalytic reaction involving metal ions occurred. Biological oxidation leading to oxidative stress and cell damage in animals represents one of these types of reactions which are responsible for many animal diseases. The role of prooxidative and antioxidative actions of transition metal ions as well as their neuropathological consequences have therefore been the topic for many research projects. There is hope that metal chelates and antioxidants might prove to be a modern mode of therapy for i.e. neurogenerative diseases. The aim of this review is to show the evolution of scientific knowledge on metal ions, their biological oxidation, and an overview of their role in physiology and in pathological processes.
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