The irradiation of whole body of rabbits with a dose <»l' 6.0 Gy causes an increase in thromboxane synthesis from exogenous arachidonic acid. The uptake of |l4C]arachidonic acid and the total amount of radioac- tivity released during collagen stimulated aggregation of platelets are not changed following the exposure of animals. The irradiation changes the relation between released arachidonic acid and synthesized thromboxane. 1'he amount of 12-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid remains unchanged. The results indicate that the increase in thromboxane synthesis is not associated with the activation of phospholipase but is caused by stimulation of cyclooxygenase activity.
Two thousand nine hundred and fourteen Salmonella strains were tested in the National Veterinary Research Institute in 1994 to 1998. Poultry, feed stuffs and food of animal origin were the main sources of Salmonella isolation. Salmonella Enteritidis and Salmonella Typhimurium were the prevailing serovar among poultry and food isolates. Salmonella Mbandaka and Salmonella Agona were also often encountered. Several serovars not found in human isolates were observed mostly in feed and feed meals.
The present review informs about the current status regarding use of interlocking nailing for fracture repair in animals. The clinical limitations of interlocking nailing and its subsequent improvement by evolving novel nail design or supplementation with type I ESF using hybrid nail bolt/ESF pin has been dealt. The biomechanical and clinical evaluation of novel interlocking nail supplements and its possible clinical use is included.
Various methods have been used to track seed dispersal of large-seeded species; however, the influence of different seed tracking methods on ecological outcomes of seed dispersal by animals is not well evaluated. Acorn removal by food hoarding animals and the following seedling establishment of Mongolian oak (Quercus mongolica) were investigated in Xiaoxing’anling Mountain, Heilongjiang, northeastern China, by using four different marking methods: plastic tagging, nail insertion, hole drilling, and isotope labeling. The acorn removal speed differed among marking methods, with plastic-tagged acorns being removed more slowly than those marked with nails, holes, and isotope. By checking the attached cotyledons and performing isotope analyses, more seedlings were found to establish from nailed acorns and isotope-soaked acorns than from drilled acorns and plastic-tagged acorns. Plastic-tagged acorns were transported closer than those marked with nails, holes, and isotope. Moreover, seedlings were often found clustered in caches containing acorns marked with plastic tags. Low level of cotyledon predation by animals makes it possible to directly identify focal seedlings of white oaks based on the attached cotyledons. Considering cotyledon predation by animals, coupling minor modification of cotyledons with isotope labeling appears to be an easy way to explore the actual pattern of seed dispersal of large-seeded trees, e.g., oaks.