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Variation laws of growth conditions and root cortical aerenchyma (RCA) of 15 common maize hybrids (Zea mays L.) in Yunnan Province under simulated rare extreme drought and rehydration conditions were tested in this paper. The relationship between functions of root tissues in extreme drought process and resilience after rehydration was discussed. Results demonstrated: 1) in middle drought period, RCA area is closely related with drought resistance of varieties and 2) Varieties with large or small RCA area under drought stress have poor resilience after rehydration, while varieties with middle RCA area present strong resilience. We concluded that RCA area formed under drought stress will significantly influence recovery of root functions during rehydration. Large RCA area brings corn strong drought resistance, but it goes against recovery of root functions after rehydration. Small RCA area causes poor drought resistance of corn plants, which will induce serious damage to plants and make it difficult to recover root functions after rehydration. Moderate RCA area helps corn variety to develop certain drought resistance and recover functions of root tissues through further formation of RCA area by parenchymal cells in root cortical tissues. RCA area formed in corn roots can affect drought resistance significantly, and increased RCA area in root system after rehydration can enhance resilience of corn plants.
Thallium (Tl) is a typical trace metal of extreme high toxicity. As a concomitant element, Tl is widely found in various sulfide minerals and K-containing rock minerals. The outburst of Tl pollution in drinking water sources of the northern branch of the Pearl River in China as reported in 2010 has greatly aroused public concerns about Tl pollution in China. Apart from typical sources of Tl pollution such as Pb and Zn smelting and the mining and utilization of Tl-containing pyrite ores, the steel-making industry was discovered a new significant source that contributed to this Tl pollution incidence. Thallium contents in raw materials, fly ash and wastewater collected from a typical steel-making enterprise were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The results showed that Tl contents (0.02-1.03 mg/kg) are generally low in the raw materials, while fly ash samples have generally enriched Tl levels (1.31-6.45 mg/kg). Wastewater obtained from the dedusting process of the sintering furnace also exhibited excessive Tl levels (574-2130 μg/L). All these results suggested a possible release and gasification of Tl compounds from the raw materials under high temperatures (>800ºC) during the sintering processes, which were then accumulated in the flue gas and fly ash and washed into the wastewater by wet dedusting. Lime precipitation method is not effective for removing Tl from wastewater, since Tl mostly is present as dissolved Tl⁺ in the water. The study initiated a preliminary design of a fast and effective treatment method for Tl removal from Tl-containing industrial wastewater by using a deep oxidation system.
Pitaya contains various types of polyphenols, flavonoid and vitamins which are beneficial for health and it is among the most important commercial tropical fruits worldwide. Endophytic bacteria might be beneficial for plant growth and yield. However, bacterial diversity in pitaya is poorly characterized. In this study, fruits of white and red pitayas from three different origins (Thailand, Vietnam and China) were chosen for endophytic bacteria diversity investigation by using Illumina HiSeq second-generation high-throughput sequencing technology. Large number of endophytic bacteria were detected and 22 phyla, 56 classes, 81 orders, 122 families and 159 genera were identified. Endophytic bacteria diversity was uneven among pitaya fruits from different origins and bacteria structure was different between white pitaya group and red pitaya group. Phylum Bacteroidetes, classes Bacteroidia and Coriobacteriia, orders Bacteroidales and Coriobacteriales, families Prevotellaceae, Bacteroidaceae, Ruminococcaceae, Paraprevotellaceae, Rikenellaceae, Alcaligenaceae and Coriobacteriaceae, genera Prevotella, Bacteroides, Roseburia, Faecalibacterium and Sutterella were statistically significant different species (P < 0.05) between white and red pitayas. These findings might be useful for growth improvement, fruit preservation and processing of different pitaya species from different origins.
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