Golden delicious apples were separated for peels and pulp, dietary fibre content and some bioactive compounds were determined. Rats were fed a semipurified or LSM diet with or without the addition of cholesterol and 5% of apple peels or pulp, feed, and digestibility and lipid profiles in plasma were estimated. Apple peels were a better source of dietary fibre and bioactive compounds that had an influence on its TRAP value than apple pulp. Freeze-dried apple peels and pulp decreased protein digestibility but significantly affected the plasma lipid profile, expressed by a lowering of total cholesterol and LDL-C fraction contents only in rats fed a diet with cholesterol were noted. The high content of biologically active compounds in apples makes it preferable for dietary prevention of atherosclerosis and other diseases.
Celem pracy była ocena wpływu dodatku nasion amarantusa (Amaranthus cruentus) i komosy ryżowej (Chenopodium quinoa) do pasz szczurów na parametry biochemiczne krwi tych zwierząt. W badaniach zastosowano wysokofruktozowy model stresu oksydacyjnego. Ocenie poddano takie parametry jak: profil lipidowy (cholesterol całkowity, HDL, LDL, triglicerydy), stężenie glukozy, mocznika, kwasu moczowego, kreatyniny, albumin, białka całkowitego, aktywność fosfatazy alkalicznej. Oznaczono również następujące pierwiastki: Na, K, Mg, Ca, Cl. Dodatek ziaren amarantusa i komosy do pasz szczurów karmionych dietą z 31% fruktozy powodował korzystny choć nieznaczny wpływ ochronny przed szkodliwym działaniem fruktozy. Dotyczyło to głównie gospodarki lipidowej i było istotne w przypadku triglicerydów i LDL, a nieistotne choć zauważalne w przypadku HDL.
The effect of different ripening stages of durian Durio zibethinus fruit on zinc content in liver of rats loaded with cholesterol. Durian Durio zibethinus is an exotic, climacteric fruit, rich in dietary fiber, polyphenols, saccharides, vitamins and minerals. Postharvest changes in durian fruit influence its physical and chemical quality, which determined its health protective effect – antioxidant and hypocholesterolemic. Durian is a good source of zinc. The aim of this study was to investigate the zinc content in lyophilisate of durian fruit and in the diets supplemented with durian fruits at different stages of maturity. The in vivo experiment was designed to determine the influence of these diets on zinc content in the liver of rats loaded with cholesterol. The zinc content in durian fruit, in the diets, and in rats livers was examined using a flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry (Perkin-Elemer 1100B). The zinc content in durian fruits ranged from 8.1 to 12.3 mg/kg. The zinc content amounted 45.0, 44.2, 47.1, 47.3 and 48.0 mg/kg in C, ch, chDM, ch DR and chDOR diet, respectively. The content of zinc in the liver in all animal groups was within the normal limits and amounted from 25.0 to 33.0 mg/kg fresh weight. Diet supplemented with durian fruits at different stages of ripening increases accumulation of zinc in the liver of rats loaded with cholesterol. Durian fruits, especially ripe ones, could be used as a natural supplementation of zinc in the diet and might be helpful in prevention of diseases or disorders related to zinc deficiency.
Diets supplemented with Mytilus galloprovincialis from polluted and non-polluted waters and their influence on zinc content in liver of rats loaded with cholesterol. Mussels may reflect the environmental problems that the ecosystem faces. Mytilus galloprovincialis is widely used as an indicator of water pollution in biological monitoring studies. These mussels are filter feeders and may accumulate important ecosystem pollutants what in turn may pose a potential risk to other organisms in the food chain. The aim of the study was to determine zinc content in the diets supplemented with mussels from polluted and non-polluted areas and in the livers of rats fed these diets for 30 days. The zinc content in the diets with mussels from contaminated and noncontaminated waters and in rat livers was examined using a flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry (Perkin-Elmer 1100B). The slight increase in zinc content from 73.2 ±1.2 mg/ /kg in ch diet (control with 1% of cholesterol) to 77.2 ±0.5 mg/kg in the diet with mussels from polluted site was found, but zinc content in all diet was within the normal limits reviewed by McDowell (1992) – 40 to 100 ppm. Zinc content in the diet supplemented with mussels from nonpolluted site (73.7 ±3.7 mg/kg) was similar to that found in ch diet. It can be concluded that cholesterol does not affect zinc bioaccumulation. However, prolonged consumption of mussels from contaminated sites may increase accumulation of zinc in the liver of rats.
Rats of control group were fed a standard diet (LSM). One of the diets was supplemented with 1% cholesterol (LSM+CH), another one with 5% freeze-dried apple pulp (APP), and the last one with both, 1% cholesterol and 5% apple pulp. Dietary addition of apple pulp significantly increased calcium concentration in femur bone from 154.2±5.6 (LSM, LSM+CH) to 180.1±4.8 g/kg wet weight (APP, APP+CH), while bone magnesium content was reduced from 3.34±0.14 to 2.70±0.12 g/kg. Dietary cholesterol (1%) had the similar significant effect on the bone content of these macroelements, and decreased bone manganese content. Moreover, rats fed diets with cholesterol (LSM+CH, APP+CH) revealed the higher Ca concentration in kidney and the lower liver Mg content (p<0.05) than in the other groups (LSM, APP). The 5% administration of the freeze-dried apple pulp reduced significantly kidney Mn content. It may be concluded that both dietary factors studied (apple pulp and cholesterol) positively influence calcification of bones but a high level of cholesterol significantly reduces bioavailability and/or storage of the other important macroelement – magnesium.
Wiele składników zawartych w roślinach strączkowych, oprócz działania pozytywnego na organizm, może mieć także działanie negatywne, zarówno pod względem fizjologicznym jak i żywieniowym. Wiesiołek dziwny podobnie jak nasiona roślin strączkowych zawiera wiele składników biologicznie czynnych. Doświadczenie przeprowadzono na 15 szczurach Wistar, podzielonych na pięć grup żywieniowych: grupa kontrolna - dieta standardowa (LSM); SOY - dieta z dodatkiem liofilizowanego ekstraktu sojowego (lektyny): 15 mg/dobę w pierwszym tygodniu i 5 mg w drugim; EPM - dieta z dodatkiem 15 i 5 mg/d ekstraktu z wytłoków z wiesiołka; EPS - dieta z dodatkiem 15 i 5 mg/d ekstraktu z całych nasion wiesiołka; PEA - z dodatkiem 10 mg/d ekstraktu z grochu (1 tydzień). Ekstrakt lektynowy z soi użyty w tym doświadczeniu nie obniżył zawartości Se w wątrobie szczurów, stąd można przypuszczać, że to inne składniki biologicznie czynne, a nie lektyny, obniżają biodostępność selenu. Dodatek ekstraktu z wytłoków wiesiołka (grupa EPM), obniżył stężenie Se w wątrobie podobnie jak to miało miejsce w przypadku innych składników mineralnych w wątrobie szczurów karmionych dietą z dodatkiem 10% wiesiołka dziwnego (6).
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