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Potato starch samples separated into three fractions of different grain size (fraction I - large grains > 80 μm, fraction II - medium grains - 20-80 μm, fraction III - small grain - < 20 μ.m) were subjected to physico-chemical modification. It was found that the intensity of different processes varied and that the starches obtained from potatoes in different starch production plants in Poland differ significantly in the content of large and small grains.
Products of starch hydrolysates such as crystalline glucose, glucose solution for second crop crystallization, hydrol and confectionery syrup were subjected to the action of a soluble or insoluble preparation of glucose isomerase. The insoluble preparation was utilized many times in a series of consecutive stages of isomerization.
Products of starch hydrolysis, such as crystalline glucose, glucose solution for second crop crystallization, hydrol and starch syrup, were subjected to the action of an immobilized preparation of glucose isomerase in a continuous process. The stability of the enzyme, its productivity and changes in colour intensity of the solutions were studied during the activity of the enzyme bed for 1-2 months.
Solutions of hydrolysates of starch and maltose were treated with glucose isomerase. Chromatographic analyses of the products of isomerization indicated glucose isomerase transforms not only free glucose into fructooe but also some minor quantity of oligosaccharides into appropriate sugars containing ketose.
The applicability of dielectric properties of starch in the range of low frequencies (316 Hz-10 kHz) and of electromagnetic wave attenuation in the range of very high frequencies (9.3 GHz) to measurements of starch humidity was studied. The effect of the starch's humidity on its permittivity and tangent of dielectric loss angle was analysed for various degrees of sample pressing and different frequencies of measurement voltage in constant temperature. The possibility of suitable modification and application to measurements of starch humidity of a serially produced microwave hygrometer WILMER type 63 was demostrated.
Changes of rheological properties of semi-sweet chocolate coverture were studied during 24-h dry conching in an industrial conche. Measurements were carried out with a Rheotest 2 rotational rheometer with coaxial cylinders at various shear rates and at temperatures ranging from 30 to 80°C. The obtained rcsults show thai simple and fast methods of studying rheological properties can be employed to control conching of chocolate masses.
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Protein was isolated from potato juice by acid-thermal coagulation and by ultrafiltration. The purity of the obtained protein preparations and energy consumption in the two methods were compared. It was founed that protein obtained by a concentration of juice by the ultrafiltration method was of higher quality and for its production more than twice less energy was required.
The influence of various concentrations of water suspensions of starch on the coefficient of reflection of the beam of infrared radiation was examined. A 20 W lamp, was used as the source of infrared radiation. For the detection of the reflected beam of infrared radiation, a photoresistor made PbS, was applied.
The study presents the design of sensual didactic path at the Centre for Education and Museum (OEM) of the Roztoczański National Park (south−eastern Poland). The design work was preceded by an architectural−landscape analysis carried out in 2014. List of trees and shrubs growing in the front part was made and plant communities, which are located between the main building and the river Świerszcz, were identified with Braun−Blanquet method. In total, 21 Magnoliophytina and 7 Pinophytina species were recorded. On the basis of phytosociological inventory we distinguished eight classes of Molinio−Arrhenatheretea, Epilobietea angustifolii and Phragmitetea. The conceptual design, based on a combination of natural and architectural elements, which will affect various senses was elaborated. Designed plant systems cover several formations (fig. 1). The sense of sight will be activated by the color of plants and small architecture elements. The sense of hearing will be stimulated by wind bells and flutes, and the sense of touch, by boxes of dried plant material. The smell will be affected by aromatherapeutic species of plants. The balance will be developed by movable walkways and wavy wooden walkways, mounted on a track that constitutes a part of a wooden platform, secured with a handrail. The designed structure will also be equipped with a trampoline, a grid−hammock and swing adapted for people using wheelchairs. Trail model placed at the entrance to the path and information board will support the educational offer. Pedestrian routes in the form of stone paths and wooden walkways, diverse in terms of texture, will create friendly to explore labyrinth, secured with a balustrade. Near paths, on higher flowerbeds and tables equipped with information signs, species characteristic for the Park will grow. Indication of protected and endangered status will be displayed. Descriptions of the plants will be provided both in traditional writing and in Braille system on a transparent plexiglass. The proposed components of plant system fully exploit the potential of a naturally diversified area around the OEM, and introduce architectural elements and pedestrian routes will allow also people with disabilities, feel as a full members of the community, when using the path.
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