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The article describes stewardship mapping, a new method of greenery management developed in the United States of North America, starting from the explanation of the term stewardship through an announcement of implementing the method in Poland where it has not been applied yet. The author reaches out to economic sciences to explain the meaning of stewardship. Stewardship mapping may be well understood provided that the reader knows the concept of urban environmental stewardship, which is careful management of the natural environment by multiple municipal entities called stewardship groups. A thorough theoretical analysis of the American terms is aimed at appropriate interpretation of the American national project (STEW-MAP) constituting the practical application of stewardship mapping, and moving it to the Polish conditions afterwards. The STEW-MAP project is available on websites and, apart from a description, consists of interactive maps of entities working on greenery in several big cities of the United States and diagrams of connections between the entities in each city separately. The tedious process of looking for these entities and encouraging giving answers to the questionnaire questions within the STEW-MAP project constitute inseparable elements of the studies on involvement of various groups in the enhancement of the natural environment in US cities.
Założenia systemu Natura 2000. Analiza stanu ochrony obszaru Natura 2000 w planowaniu przestrzennym w wybranych gminach. Wnioski.
A comparison of the opinions of self-government officials was performed from nine selected communes in the Mazovia province on the topics related to the management and introduction of changes in land purpose within the area of Natura 2000 during the first years of its existence - a study based on the example of the selected area „Ostoja Nadbużańska". Discussions with commune employees were conducted twice i.e. in 2005 and in 2007 with a study of the differences in their opinions in these years on the aforementioned topic. Furthermore in the studied communes an analysis was performed of the planning documents in the scope of provisions related to Natura 2000. The obtained study results showed a considerable improvement of the knowledge of the self-government representatives in 2007 as compared to 2008 and, as a result, a more favourable approach to the newly-founded network of protected areas Natura 2000. In May of 2005 a novelty to the act on Environment protection law was introduced. Discussions with officials were conducted in the Autumn of that year and provided an illustration of their miscomprehension of many legal and substantial matters related to the study subject. Difficulties in interpreting the provisions, particularly in the qualification of ventures that require a decision on the environmental conditions for consent to the venture, a lack of experience and training were the main reason behind the resentment to the existence of the Natura 2000 area within the bounds of the commune. In 2007 a relatively favourable attitude of the self-governments was observed in respect to the newly-founded form of environment protection. In many communes this approach resulted from conducted training, understanding of the regulations and from experience.
The article presents the results of studies on the entities that operate in city greenery area in the district of Praga Północ in Warsaw. The Praga studies were inspired by the American concept of city greenery handling by citizens which emphasises the role of citizen groups (non-government organisations, informal groups, individuals) in creating city greenery. The article looks for an answer to the question who, where and how is involved in work in city greenery area in Praga Północ. The studies were carried out as a questionnaire. The results supplied contact data about entities operating in city greenery area in the district, their goals, human resources (including volunteers), budget, area of operation, developed projects and initiatives concerned with greenery, the nature of operations (planning, maintenance of greenery, education, legal aid) and others. Much of the questionnaire was devoted to questions concerning the relations of the given entity with other entities (including scientists). The collected data were subjected to statistic treatment. Part of the results of the questionnaire were presented in charts. In the conclusions the author suggested some solutions propagating the idea of cooperation between various entities and leading to an increase in efficiency of operations concerned with city greenery.
The article discusses the method of social network analysing in relation to entities acting for urban greenery in the Praga Północ district in Warsaw. Its aim is to present the results of pilot studies that could be implemented in the whole city of Warsaw. The article, referring to the American stewardship mapping method, which was discussed in previous articles from the series, contains graphs of entity networks showing a spectrum of possibilities of the SNA method. Among the entities active in the field of urban green spaces non-governmental organisations, civic groups and individuals have been emphasized.
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