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Growth and photosynthetic characteristics, inducibility of the CAM pathway and the functioning of the antioxidant defense system were investigated in Rosularia elymaitica (Crassulaceae) under drought and UV stresses. Drought did not substantially affect the growth of the plants, but it significantly reduced leaf thickness as well as osmotic potential, water potential and relative water content. In contrast, UV radiation treatment affected neither growth nor the water relations of leaves. Water limitation for 12 days caused a significant increase in nighttime PEPC and NAD-MDH activity and an increase in Δtitratable acidity relative to well-watered plants. The nighttime CO2 net assimilation rate increased significantly in drought-stressed plants but was still negative, resembling a C3-like pattern of gas exchange. Twenty days of UV treatment, increased Δtitratable acidity slightly and increased only daytime PEPC activity, and did not affect other parameters of carbon metabolism. As judged by maintenance of membrane integrity and stable amounts of H2O2 under UV stress, the antioxidant defense system effectively protected the plants against UV radiation. In contrast, oxidative stress occurred under severe drought stress (20 days of withholding water). Except for higher daytime APX activity in the UV-treated plants, enzyme activity in the control and in the drought- and UV-stressed plants did not show any diurnal fluctuation during 24 h. Temporal changes in Δtitratable acidity and ΔPEPC activity coincided closely with those of antioxidant enzymes; both started to increase after 12 days of drought stress. These results indicate that drought stress but not UV radiation induced the CAM-cycling pathway in R. elymaitica.
We investigated the role of trehalose (Tre) root pretreatment (10 and 30 mM) in photosynthesis, phenolic metabolism, antioxidant properties and ion homeostasis of strawberry plants when exposed to 50-mM NaCl for 7 days. Salinity caused an adverse effect on the shoot dry weight, whereas root pretreatment with 30-mM Tre mitigated these inhibitory effects. Under no stress, development of flowers was greatly enhanced by the supply of Tre. Plants exposed to salt stress after root pretreatment with 30-mM Tre maintained their photosynthetic electron transport rate, compared with NaCl-alone-treated plants, contributing to the improvement of photosystem Performance Index (PIabs), and oxygen-evolving complex efficiency of PSII (Fv/Fo). Although NaCl stress resulted in the highest Na accumulation, the application of Tre reduced shoot Na accumulation. In addition, the oxidative burst and lipid peroxidation observed in plants subjected to salinity conditions was greatly mitigated after root pretreatment with 30-mM Tre, as evidenced by lower malondialdehyde and superoxide radical (O₂˙⁻) levels, compared with NaCl-alone-treated plants. To sum up, root pretreatments with 30-mM Tre were more effective than with 10-mM Tre in alleviation of salt stress in strawberry. This positive effect of Tre was possibly attributed to the improvement of carotenoids, flavonoids and anthocyanins compounds in leaves resulting in normal photochemical functioning, the activation of the enzymatic antioxidants and the compartmentalization of Na for better growth under salt stress.
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