Preferencje help
Widoczny [Schowaj] Abstrakt
Liczba wyników

Znaleziono wyników: 15

Liczba wyników na stronie
Pierwsza strona wyników Pięć stron wyników wstecz Poprzednia strona wyników Strona / 1 Następna strona wyników Pięć stron wyników wprzód Ostatnia strona wyników

Wyniki wyszukiwania

help Sortuj według:

help Ogranicz wyniki do:
Pierwsza strona wyników Pięć stron wyników wstecz Poprzednia strona wyników Strona / 1 Następna strona wyników Pięć stron wyników wprzód Ostatnia strona wyników
Problems associated with in vitro fertilization of horses were the subject of the present review. The paper presents the intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) technique. Oocytes for in vitro fertilization can be obtained either from living or slaughtered mares and then cultured. Afterwards they are washed and only those containing 1 polar body are used for microinjection. All kinds of spermatozoa (heads, immobile spermatozoa, dead and abnormal) can be used. Several foals have been born in the USA, Europe and Australia after in vitro fertilization. The technique can be successfully applied in breeding programs which accept stallions with low volume or motility spermatozoa.
Assisted reproduction techniques for horses are developing relatively slowly, compared to those for other domestic animals, because of a wide range of species-specific barriers, such as the lack of efficient methods for superovulation, frequent disorders of in vitro oocyte maturation, and the absence of standards for in vitro embryo culture. Despite these obstacles, attempts are being made to improve various biotechnological methods. In recent years, offspring have been obtained by cloning. A method alternative to the in vitro fertilization of oocytes is transfer to recipient mares (GIFT). Methods for oocyte and embryo cryopreservation are being improved. In recent years, there has been a great interest in studies of embryo biopsy for the genetic diagnosis of embryos. Despite promising results of several studies, it is necessary to intensify work on the optimization of methods for in vitro embryo production (in vitro fertilization, cloning), cryopreservation of gametes and embryos, genetic embryo diagnosis, and artificial insemination of mares with sex-sorted sperm.
The aim of this study was to obtain embryos after assisted fertilization of oocytes collected from slaughtered mares and matured in vitro by an intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) and to establish optimal conditions for the in vitro culture of the embryos. Oocytes were collected by the scraping method and cultured in vitro in TCM with Earl’s salts supplemented with 20% FBS, 5 g/ml FSH, estradiol 1 g/ml, pyruvate and glutamine. After a 30-hour in vitro culture oocytes that had reached the metaphase II stage were subjected to an intracytoplasmic sperm microinjection (ICSI) with frozen semen. After thawing, a motile sperm selection was carried out by the „swim up” method. Then the sperm was immobilized, aspirated into an injection pipette, and introduced into the cytoplasm of an oocyte. Microinjected oocytes were transferred onto a culture medium: DMEM F12 or SOF. The control group consisted of oocytes subjected to microinjection without sperm (sham ICSI). Oocytes that did not show signs of development and embryos in different developmental stages were fixed and stained with Hoechst fluorochrome. The in vitro culture of embryos in the DMEM F12 medium produced only early stages of development (pronucleus, two-blastomere embryos). In contrast, the in vitro culture in the SOF medium produced embryos in the morula stage (6.8%). In the control group, no signs of embryonic development were observed.
During the past decade the need for Artificial Reproductive Techniques in felids has greatly increased. Mostly, this is a result of growing expectations that these techniques may be applied in conservation biology and thereby contribute to saving wild felids from extinction. In this article we describe three most common methods of obtaining embryos in vitro in the domestic cat and its wild relatives: classic in vitro fertilisation, in vitro fertilisation by intracytoplasmic sperm injection and somatic cell nuclear transfer. Each of the methods provides a cleavage rate of around 50% and approx. 20% of embryos develop to the blastocyst stage. After the transfer of embryos produced by these methods, scientists obtained living offspring of the domestic cat, as well as several wild cats: the tiger, serval, fishing cat, caracal, ocelot, wild cat, sand cat, black-footed cat and the oncilla. These successes, in spite of the low efficiency of the discussed methods, are promising and suggest that biotechniques of reproduction will be valuable tools in the protection of wild species. Somatic cell nuclear transfer will allow to sustain the narrow gene pool in the critically endangered felids. For these reasons it is necessary to conduct further research on the optimization of artificial reproduction techniques in cats.
Pierwsza strona wyników Pięć stron wyników wstecz Poprzednia strona wyników Strona / 1 Następna strona wyników Pięć stron wyników wprzód Ostatnia strona wyników
JavaScript jest wyłączony w Twojej przeglądarce internetowej. Włącz go, a następnie odśwież stronę, aby móc w pełni z niej korzystać.