Background: The increasing problem of overweight and obesity in children is the reason for taking further actions leading to mass reduction, because, in contrast to adults, the consequences of this pathology in young people are still not well known. The intervention actions that can lead to reduction in mass are not easy to find in literature, and their long-term effects are unknown. The aim of this research was to define the changes in body composition of children with excess body mass after eight-week high intensity workout. Material and methods: The study was conducted on 47 children aged 9‒12 years who were overweight or obese, including 25 girls and 22 boys. Results: The following results were obtained: the percentage body fat decreased by 2.11% with great reduction in the visceral fat area of 7.86 cm², the decrease in fat mass by 1.44 kg, BMI decrease by 0.95 kg/m², the reduction of percentile in OLAF grids by 2.42 points. All of these results were statistically significant. Conclusions: The results of this study allow stating that: 1) the participants tolerated high intensity physical workout at the level of 70‒90% maximal heart rate (HR max) during 2 months of training, 2) systematic physical exercises caused positive changes in the body composition, 3) gender varied the scope of changes in some indicators.
Background: The study aimed to assess the occurrence of fatigue and overtraining in spinning instructors based on subjective feeling (a questionnaire) and the expression of selected genes (IL6, IL10 and NF-kB mRNA). Material/Methods: Two research methods were used in the study: a subjective assessment in the form of a survey and an objective evaluation of the expression of genes related to the cellular stress response. The survey involved a group of 12 female spinning instructors 24–32 years old. Five subjects (mean age 26.4 years) agreed to have a blood sample taken for genetic analyses. The control group comprised four physically active women (mean age 25.5 years). For genetic analyses, two ml of venous blood were taken in the morning hours after a night’s rest. The relative evaluation of gene expression was performed using real-time quantitative PCR. Results: According to the questionnaire declarations, the instructors feel overtraining. It was observed that the concentration of the transcription factor NF-kB in peripheral blood at rest was significantly lower (p˂0.05) in the study group compared to the control one. The measurement of the IL6 encoding gene expression significantly differed (p˂0.05) between the two groups. In the case of the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL10, there were no significant differences between the two groups. Conclusions: According to the questionnaire declarations, spinning instructors feel overtraining, but simultaneously they are very well adapted to physical effort, which was confirmed by the analysis of the expression of genes related to the cellular stress response.