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Based on the 1999-2006 annual reports of the Regional Environmental Monitoring System, differences in somatic and functional traits were evaluated among middle school students residing in cities with different levels of cadmium and lead air pollution. The sample consisted of 240 girls and 276 boys from Jastrzębie-Zdrój and Katowice aged 13 to 15 years. Place of residence and gender were independent variables, whereas dependent variables included morphological, muscular-motor, and cardiorespiratory components of healthrelated physical fitness (H-RF). Intergroup differences (between adolescents from Jastrzębie-Zdrój and Katowice) were assessed using Student’s t-test for independent samples, separately for boys and girls. The results indicate that functional traits, in particular VO2max and motor coordination, are more sensitive to negative effects of environmental factors than anthropometric characteristics.
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Economic correlates of physical activity in adults

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Background. Physical activity plays an immensely significant role in the prevention and treatment of diseases that often lead to premature death. The aim of this study was to examine the relationships between physical activity of adults and determinants of their financial situation such as steady income, per capita income, savings, and indebtedness. Material and methods. The study was carried out between 2014 and 2015 in Wrocław, Poland on a group of 4332 residents aged 18 to 64 years. The respondents’ habitual physical activity levels and income status were assessed with the International Physical Activity Questionnaire Short Form (IPAQ-SF) and the author’s own Socio-Economic Status of Working Age People Questionnaire (S-ESQ), respectively. Results. There are positive correlations between physical activity level and socio-economic status. Steady income and per capita income are two determinants of differences in physical activity in individuals over 44 years of age. The highest level of physical activity was noted in adults with a steady income of more than USD 542 per month. Respondents with savings were also more physically active than their counterparts without savings. Finally, Wrocław residents who were without debts and who were aged 18-44 years were more physically active than were financially indebted residents. Conclusions. Actions should be undertaken to enhance physical activity of those adults remaining in a poor socio-economic situation.
Introduction: Physical activity is very important for the proper mental and physical development of children and youths, especially for the development of the locomotor system. The students of music schools are a unique group of children and youths, because of specific loads on the organs of locomotion, associated with the playing of musical instruments. They can therefore be exposed to a variety of health problems, particularly in the case of insufficient physical activity. Objective: The aim of the presented study was to assess the level of physical activity of music schools’ students on weekdays and weekends against the parameters of physical efforts beneficial to health. Method and materials: The study involved 225 musicians from the Katowice School of Music, Complex of I and II degrees, aged 10–18 years(138 girls and 87 boys). The level of physical activity was assessed on the basis of moderate to vigorous rates (MVPA). Results: Both on weekdays as well as at the weekends, boys presented a higher level of physical activity of at least moderate intensity (MVPA), which also resulted in a greater total weekly pro-health physical activity. Both boys and girls dedicated significantly more time to beneficial pro-health efforts physical health at weekends (p<0.01). The percentage of young musicians who meet accepted (in this study) standards for the optimal amount of physical activity in both groups was dramatically low (3.6% of girls and 11.5% of boys). Conclusion: Both boys and girls from the music schools often undertake moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) at the weekends. The boys more often than the girls made pro-health physical efforts of moderate and high intensity.
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