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1

Silicon increases salt tolerance by influencing the two-phase growth response to salinity in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

100%
Chen D., Yin L., Deng X., Wang S.
Acta Physiologiae Plantarum
|
2014
|
tom 36
|
nr 09
Salt usually stresses plants in two ways, osmotic stress and ion toxicity. Plant responds to salinity in two distinct phases through time. It is known that silicon (Si) could alleviate salt stress by decreasing the Na⁺ accumulated in the leaf. In order to determine the function of Si in the two-phase growth response (osmotic and ion toxicity) to salinity, we selected the wheat cultivar ‘‘Changwu 134’’ out of 10 wheat cultivars, and confirmed that it responds to salinity in two distinct phases through time. The fresh weight, leaf area, and leaf Na⁺ concentration were measured during 31 days of 120 mM NaCl supplemented with 1 mM Si treatment. The results revealed that the growth of plants under salinity conditions both with and without Si application were in accordance with the two-phase growth model. Si alleviated the salt stress in the both two-phase growth, but the alleviative effects were more pronounced in the osmotic stress phase than ion toxicity phase. These results clearly showed that Si can enhance plant salt tolerance by alleviating the salt-induced osmotic stress.
2

Application of silicon improves salt tolerance through ameliorating osmotic and ionic stresses in the seedling of Sorghum bicolor

88%
Yin L., Wang S., Li J., Tanaka K., Oka M.
Acta Physiologiae Plantarum
|
2013
|
tom 35
|
nr 11
Silicon has been widely reported to have a beneficial effect on improving plant tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses. However, the mechanisms of silicon in mediating stress responses are still poorly understood. Sorghum is classified as a silicon accumulator and is relatively sensitive to salt stress. In this study, we investigated the short-term application of silicon on growth, osmotic adjustment and ion accumulation in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) under salt stress. The application of silicon alone had no effects upon sorghum growth, while it partly reversed the salt-induced reduction in plant growth and photosynthesis. Meanwhile, the osmotic potential was lower and the turgor pressure was higher than that without silicon application under salt stress. The osmolytes, the sucrose and fructose levels, but not the proline, were significantly increased, as well as Na+ concentration was decreased in silicon-treated plants under salt stress. These results suggest that the beneficial effects of silicon on improving salt tolerance under short-term treatment are attributed to the alleviating of salt-induced osmotic stress and as well as ionic stress simultaneously.
3

Chlamydia psittaci strains from broiler chickens induce histopathological lesions and mortality in SPF chickens

88%
Yin L., Kalmar I., Chiers K., Debyser I., Vanrompay D.
Bulletin of the Veterinary Institute in Puławy
|
2015
|
tom 59
|
nr 1
A detailed study on histopathological lesions induced by two C. psittaci outer membrane protein A (ompA) genotype B strains (10/423 and 10/525) and one genotype D strain (10/298) in experimentally infected (aerosol) specific pathogen free (SPF) chickens was performed. The strains were derived from Belgian and French commercially raised broilers with pneumonia. Both genotxpe B and D strains induced conjunctivitis, rhinitis, sinusitis, tracheitis, bronchitis, pneumonitis, airsacculitis, splenitis, hepatitis, nephritis, and enteritis in sequentially (days 2 to 34 post infection) euthanized chickens. Inflammation of the ovaries was only observed in genotype D infected chickens. Overall, the genotype D strain caused more severe gross and histopathological lesions and mortality (54.5%) earl) upon infection. The genotype D strain seemed to replicate faster as severity of the lesions increased more quickly. C. psittaci is a primary pathogen in chickens, and efficient monitoring and control of this emerging zoonotic pathogen is urgently needed.
4

Melatonin increased maize (Zea mays L.) seedling drought tolerance by alleviating drought-induced photosynthetic inhibition and oxidative damage

76%
Ye J., Wang S., Deng X., Yin L., Xiong B., Wang X.
Acta Physiologiae Plantarum
|
2016
|
tom 38
|
nr 02
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