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With the development of toxicology as a science, the second half of the 20th century saw the establishment of scientific societies, such as the International Society of Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety (SECOTOX), the Federation of European Toxicologists and European Societies of Toxicology (EUROTOX), the Polish Society of Toxicology, and the European Society of Toxicologic Pathology (ESTP). This study describes their development, organizational structure and mission. The scope of their interest, in addition to toxicology, also includes ecotoxicology, which protects the natural environment and public health.
Rectal prolapse (prolapsus recti) in swine is relatively common. Factors influencing the development of this phenomenon are described in literature: infections (Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, swine flu, salmonellosis, spirochetosis, adenomatosis, colibacteriosis, parasites), environmental factors (too low temperature, excessive number of animals), nutritional (fiber deficiency, hypovitaminosis E, excess of lysine, feed containing mycotoxins), genetic (the gene responsible for rectal prolapse – P), pharmacological (tylosin, lincomycin, florfenicol), technological (grouping of sows, low birth mass of piglets, too short pruning of tails in piglets). The paper describes the advantages and disadvantages of the treatment, including minimally-invasive and surgical procedures. The authors’ modification of the treatment is presented too
Legal norms determine the rules for conducting a veterinary necropsy to a limited extent, leaving the regulation of this matter to the veterinary art. The norms of binding Polish law and rules of veterinary professional ethics in relation to conducting a necropsy are analyzed and interpreted. The ethical and legal aspects of the veterinary surgeon’s activities have been highlighted. Non-observance of these rules during the post-mortem examination of animals may result in the incompatibility of the proceedings with the principle of acting lege artis, the effect of which is civil and professional liability. Moreover, when the section was commissioned by the authorities, inappropriate conditions or the manner in which it was carried out (including legal and ethical premises) may diminish the meaning of the section protocol as evidence. It should be remembered that animal corpses are subject to obligatory utilization, so in the vast majority of cases the section protocol is the only documentation and it cannot raise the slightest doubt, which may be the case in the failure to observe the discussed principles of performing a posthumous examination of animals. Considering that every veterinary surgeon may be appointed by various institutions (i.e. courts, police, prosecutor, insurance company) to conduct the necropsy, it is advisable to familiarize this professional group of public trust with the ethical and legal aspects of its implementation.
In a manner accessible to non-lawyers the study shows animals as a subject of the contract of sale in the light of the Polish civil law. This knowledge appears to be useful for a veterinary surgeon during the sale of animals in terms of the clinical examination both in determining their condition and health as well as their defects. The paper interprets the dependency of diagnosed defects in the perspective of a contract of sale. The article presents basic knowledge in the range of a veterinarian as a clinician and expert. It presents the knowledge about the physical and legal defects of animals based on the norms of the civil code and other Polish normative acts.
There is a systematic increase in the number of traffic accidents involving both domestic and free-living animals. It was found that the largest number of animals dies in May and at the turn of October and November. It is estimated that only every fourth driver reports collision in Poland. In some cases, wounded animals are slaughtered and their meat is used for consumption. In connection with road accidents involving animals, it is crucial for the law-enforcement authorities to determine the actual state of affairs in order to assess the proper course of the collision. The paper presents comprehensive legal and veterinary aspects of the discussed issues. The own analysis was made according to the number of the road incidents in Poland with the participation of animals
In some legal proceedings, the species identification of animal on the basis of fragments of biological material is extremely difficult. This applies both to closely-related and to distant species characterized by similar morphological features. In such circumstances, methods of molecular biology are used, whose evidential value is definitely not in doubt. Histopathological scraps may also have to be used for identifying tests. The aim of the present study was to verify the possibility of using DNA analysis in determining the species of animals on the basis of biological material contained in archival histopathological samples. The examined material consisted of twenty-eight histopathological preparations stained with hematoxylin and eosin. The samples had been prepared from the liver, kidney, spleen, and skeletal muscles. Their age varied from one to seventeen years. Specimens (from twelve species) were identified by inputting sequences in the Barcode of Life Database species identification tool on the basis of the similarity percentage figure from the BOLD report. It was found that genetic tests can effectively identify animal species through the analysis of biological material from histopathological samples.
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