The Farm Accountancy Data Network has introduced in Hungary, like other European countries. This index uses the European Size Units (ESU) to classify the size of farm in terms according to the standard gross margin. This unit is used in the cultivation of plants as well as in animal husbandry. The aim of this study is to determine the ESU farm sizes in case of native species in the Hungarian beef cattle sector, like the Hungarian grey cattle and Hungarian buffalo. Farm sizes where independent farming is able were same determined in case of this two species. Over this size the farm can produce profit.
This paper looks at competitiveness and relative advantages and disadvantages of the foreign trade of live beef cattle within EU27 countries in Hungary, Poland, Slovakia and Czech Republic (V4 countries) between 1999 and 2010. An analysis of the competitiveness of these countries (with RSCA-index) shows relative advantages in Poland and in Czech Republic currently, but in Hungary and in Slovakia there are relative disadvantages in the EU27 live beef cattle market. For Hungary and Slovakia the indicators show a reduction of extent of these disadvantages. The international trade balances were positive at each studied countries in each studied year. The financial crisis which started at 2008 had negative consequences and caused significant decline reflected in all three applied indi - cators (RSCA, TB, (M)UVD). According to classification by Gehlhar and Pick [2002] the quality-based competition was changed for a price-based competition in the studied period in Hungary, in Poland and in the Czech Republic. On the contrary, the price-based competition turned into quality-based competition in Slovakia.
The concept of hungaricum is connected to keeping of Hungarian native animal species. The traditional and regional foods are the part of Hungarians national inheritance. These foods usually are hand made which can create place of work in the regions with unfavourable circumstances.
Both Hungary and Poland are net exporter in cattle and beef trade. Because of the large Polish and Hungarian supply these countries cannot sell all products on domestic and EU single markets. Cattle and beef production of both countries have to be sold on non-EU markets. These markets have a special attribute because import of cattle and beef to EU is regulated but the export to these countries is not under European limitation. This special attribute results in the fact that there are less available scientific indexes to use studying the international trade. In this paper we aimed to examine the comparative advantages of Hungarian and Polish cattle and beef export to non-EU markets between 2002 and 2015. Out analysis based primary on Balassa index (RCA) which is compared with the share of product export of the reference countries in their entire export. Secondary, the Revealed Symmetric Comparative Advantage (RSCA) was used as a correction of RCA (makes the RCA symmetrical). Primary we established that both studied countries have the same non-EU target markets with the highest importance of Turkey and Russia. During the examined period several changes were resulted, for example the decrease of Turkish market and the Russian embargo. These changes had an effect on comparative advantages.
Both for Hungarian and Polish cattle and beef production important to utilize non-EU markets because both countries are net exporter and cannot sell all products on inner and EU markets. In this paper we aimed to examine trends of Hungarian and Polish cattle and beef export to non-EU markets between 2002 and 2015. Primary we established that both studied countries have the same non-EU target markets with the highest importance of Turkey and Russia. During the examined period several changes were resulted for example the decrease of Turkish market and the Russian embargo. The Russian market for Hungary and the Turkish market for Poland afford a higher export price and higher purchasing power than all other non-EU trade-partners accordingly the trade to these countries was the highest between 2002 and 2015. Additionally also important Hungarian and Polish target markets are Belarus, Ukraine and Croatia (EU member only since 2013) but price level for these countries were varying in the studied period in case of both origin countries. By these reasons both Hungary and Poland have difficulties to maintain cattle and beef markets in partner countries according to Herfindahl Hirsmann index.
The main aim of this study is to summarize the steps of operation of an automatic milking system. The milking system is used in a fresh milk producing farm: the Józsefmajor Experimental and Demonstration Farm of the Szent István University of Gödöllő. The use of automatic milking robot system is unique in Hungary and also in Europe. The installation of the milking robot changed the steps of the formerly installed HACCP system and made the milking process more simple: due to the fully automatic milking process there are less physical and biological critical points. In summary, automatic milking system helps to harmonize the milking, feeding and relaxing period of the herd, and also makes the compliance with food safety regulations easier. The second aim of this study to define the possible cost-benefit changes due to the automatic milking system in the dairy farm. Further aim of this study to shows economic methods which help the farmers to make decision about milking systems.
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