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1

A comparison of food habits of two sympatric ruminants of Mt. Yatsugatake, central Japan: sika deer and Japanese serow

100%
Kobayashi K., Takatsuki S.
Acta Theriologica
|
2012
|
tom 57
|
nr 4
Comparison of food habits of sympatric animals provides understanding of interspecific relations. Previous studies of food habits of the two ruminants of Japan, sika deer (Cervus nippon) and Japanese serows (Capricornis crispus), have shown that sika deer are variable, and they are gazers in northern Japan, but browsers in southern Japan, whereas Japanese serows are browsers. However, these studies described the food habits of each species separately, and no study has compared the food habits of these species living in sympatry. Therefore, we examined these species on Mt. Yatsugatake, central Japan, using microhistological analyses and nutritional analyses of feces. Sasa nipponica, a dwarf bamboo, predominated in the fecal composition of sika deer, whereas both S. nipponica and dicotyledonous plants were found in the feces of Japanese serows. Crude protein levels of serow feces were higher than those of deer. The particle sizes of plant fragments in serow feces were smaller than those in deer feces, suggesting that serow fed more selectively on digestible plants than deer did. These results support the suggestions of previous studies conducted in different habitats and show that sika deer are less selective grazers, and Japanese serows are more selective browsers. Thus, food differences are likely explained by the feeding ecophysiology of the animals and not habitat differences.
2

Altitudinal variation in the diet of sika deer on the Izu Peninsula: patterns in the transitional zone of geographic variation along the Japanese archipelago

81%
Kitamura T., Sato Y., Takatsuki S.
Acta Theriologica
|
2010
|
tom 55
|
nr 1
89-93
Geographical variation in the diet of sika deer Cervus nippon Temminck, 1838 has been well characterised: northern populations are grazers, whereas southern deer are browsers. This variation largely reflects genetic-based differences in morphology. However, environmental factors would be also important. If a same genetic population live in different habitats, we can check altitudinal shifts in sika deer food consumption. We hypothesised that changes in the diet of the sika deer population on the Izu Peninsula, which is located within the transitional zone of resource (vegetation) variation and encompasses a broad altitudinal range, would mirror shifts in the composition of vegetation. Analyses of the rumen contents of the deer population indicated that dwarf bamboo accounted for 10.5, 46.2, and 74.3% of the deer diet in the low (<800 m), middle (800–1000 m), and high (>1000 m) altitudinal zones, respectively. In contrast, evergreen broad-leaved species accounted for 35.7, 23.1, and 5.9%, respectively. These results suggest that the diet of sika deer is more strongly affected by environmental factors, such as plant community composition, than by genetic factors.
3

Multi-annual variation in the diet composition and frugivory of the Japanese marten (Martes melampus) in western Tokyo, central Japan

81%
Tsuji Y., Yasumoto Y., Takatsuki S.
Acta Theriologica
|
2014
|
tom 59
|
nr 3
To examine multi-annual variations in the food habits of the Japanese marten (Martes melampus), we analyzed the composition of marten feces in the Bonbori Forest Path in western Tokyo, central Japan, in two time periods a decade apart (1997–1998 and 2007–2008). The staple foods of martens in both periods were fruits/seeds and animal materials (mainly insects and mammals). The martens fed frequently on fruits/seeds and insects throughout the year in both periods, but the consumption of mammals, birds, and arthropods/other animals showed seasonal variations. The composition of fruits/seeds and the frequency of occurrence for each fruit-bearing species differed between the two periods. These results suggest that both the foraging strategy and role of martens as a seed dispersal agent changes yearly, presumably according to multi-annual variation in the availability of prey animals and/or fruits. We emphasize the importance of multi-annual studies both on food habits and to monitor food availability in the temperate region where the food environment changes among seasons, as well as years.
4

Nest-site selection by the harvest mouse Micromys minutus in seasonally changing environments

81%
Kuroe M., Ohori S., Takatsuki S., Miyashita T.
Acta Theriologica
|
2007
|
tom 52
|
nr 4
355-360
We studied nest-site selection of harvest miceMicromys minutus (Pallas, 1771) for clarifying plant community characters suitable for nesting. We surveyed newly constructed nests in a marsh population and various plant characters likely to affect nest-site selection throughout the breeding season. The harvest mouce used common reedMiscanthus sacchariflorus and Japanese pampas grassMiscanthus sinensis more frequently than expected by the propotions of their areas occupied in summer, but shifted toCarex confertiflora after October. Although reed grassPhragmites communis was dominant in the marsh, mice did not choose this species. The 2 grass species selected in summer had a larger number of leaves per unit area, and the most selected species had a higher stem density. Both of these plant traits indicate a richness of nesting materials. The rapid increase in selection forCarex from autumn to winter was likely due to its leaf freshness and/or flexibility, as leaves ofCarex maintained a high level of chlorophyll content until winter. The harvest mouse appeared to flexibly change its selection for nesting plants in response to seasonal environmental changes. We also discuss the implications of our findings in terms of harvest mouse habitat conservation.
5

Use of microsatellite markers to assess the spatial genetic structure of a population of sika deer Cervus nippon on Kinkazan Island, Japan

71%
Okada A., Tamate H. B., Minami M., Ohnishi N., Takatsuki S.
Acta Theriologica
|
2005
|
tom 50
|
nr 2
To understand the relationship between social behaviour and gene distribution, we used microsatellite markers to resolve the spatial genetic structure of the sika deerCervus nippon Temminck, 1838 population on Kinkazan Island, a small island (9.6 km2) in northern Japan. We obtained 177 samples of deer which correspond to about 30% of the total population on the island. 126 were from a local population where each deer was individually identified, while 51 from other area on the island. Although there were no apparent geographical barriers on the island, the sika deer population showed local differentiation in its genetic composition. By comparing allele-sharing rates between gender and social categories, we demonstrated a higher genetic relatedness within males in a local group. The Assignment Index (AI) of each sex within a local group showed similar distributions. None of our analyses indicated a lower genetic relatedness among males than females, which contradicted our predictions based on the dispersal behaviour of males. Considering other factors, the results suggest that the range of male dispersal is quite limited on this island.
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