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Serological tests applied in poultry flocks can be a valuable tool in assessing health of hens. One obstacle in making this assessment is that results of serological tests in a given flock are not always correlated with results of bacteriological tests. The aim of this study was to determine dependencies between the level of antibodies in egg yolk and the contamination of egg contents (whites and yolks) with Salmonella Enteritidis bacilli. Infected birds were also treated with selected antibiotics. It was determined that Salmonella Enteritidis was not found in experimentally infected laying hens until day 12 post-inoculation. The results of the study also suggest the existence of relation between the level of anti-Salmonella antibodies in egg yolks and the frequency of isolation of Salmonella from eggs. It was also found that the lowest level of yolk antibodies was found in the group of birds treated with enrofloxacin.
This paper presents the degree of contamination of table eggs with bacteria of the genus Staphylococcus, taking into account the source of the eggs. The results of the study indicate a relatively high degree of contamination of table eggs with Staphylococcus bacteria. In 1125 bacteriological tests conducted on whites, yolks and shells of eggs from three sources, staphylococci were found in 514 cases. Thirteen strains were isolated from the whites, but Staphylococcus bacteria were found more often in yolks – 199 strains. The highest percentage of staphylococci were found on the surface of the egg shell – 302 strains. Twelve species of staphylococci were isolated from the eggs tested, including both coagulase-positive strains (Staphylococcus aureus, S. hyicus) and coagulase-negative strains, particularly Staphylococcus lentus, S. warneri, S. epidermidis and S. xylosus. This study determined that regardless of the source of the eggs, egg yolks were more often contaminated with Staphylococcus aureus than with coagulase-negative Stapphylococci. It was also demonstrated that S. aureus dominated in the yolks and on the shells of eggs from the small-scale poultry farm.
The aim of the study was to identify the affinity of 10 Staphylococcus strains isolated from table chicken eggs to specific species. Preliminary analysis performed by API ID32 Staph test identified these strains as S. aureus, but they exhibited a negative reaction in the tube coagulase test. Thus, the analysed strains were initially characterised as Staphylococcus aureus-like (SAL). Further characterisation was performed by genoty pie methods, using restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) of the coagulase gene (coa) and sequencing of the gene rpoB. An attempt was also made to identify the isolated Staphylococcus strains by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. The results indicated that none of the strains tested belonged to the species S. aureus. The rpoB sequences of five isolates showed the highest sequence similarity to S. haemolyticus, three isolates to S. chromogenes, and one isolate to S. epidermidis. One strain (SAL4) remained unidentified in this analy sis. The results obtained using mass spectrometry were comparable to those based on gene sequence analysis. Strain SAL4, which could not be identified by sequencing, was identified by MALDI-TOF as Staphylococcus chromogenes.
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