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We recorded thirty six Odonata species at five natural and semi-natural peat bog water bodies in the environs of Borne Sulinowo (NW Poland) in two seasons: 2005 and 2006. Besides the predominant number of eurytopic dragonflies, two reported species were tyrphobiontic and three tyrphophilic. Species compositions in particular habitats are shortly discussed.
Patrolling behavior plays an important role in resource defense and in shaping social interactions in territorial species. However, it is not clear whether and how resource deterioration affects patrolling and interactions between territorial males. We addressed this issue by studying the territorial patrolling of damselfly Calopteryx splendens males, which use riverine vegetation patches composed of floating rafts of Potamogeton natans as territories. Males can hold single territories established on one vegetation patch (solitary residents) or hold adjacent territories established on shared vegetation patch (contiguous residents). The study predicted that solitary males engage more in patrolling than contiguous residents and that patrolling intensity is proportional to patch quality. Two types of semi-natural vegetation patches were sunk: of high and low quality measured on the basis of the patch size (range 2–5 m2) and its attractiveness to damselflies (measured as number of residents, non-territorial males and contests observed at a given patch). Changes in number of patrolling flights were monitored for solitary and two contiguous residents: first which hold territory situated closer to the patch centre and secondary holding territory nearer to the edge of a patch. Results indicated that solitary residents patrolled more often than either of the two contiguous residents. Habitat deterioration significantly reduced the patrolling intensity of both single and first contiguous resident, however, their patrolling activity was not resumed at the same intensity after the original patch had been restored. The secondary resident of a contiguous pair did not respond to habitat deterioration, but increased its patrolling activity following restoration. Patch quality was found to have no impact on patrolling, which implies that social context can be more important in predicting changes in patrolling behavior in response to resource deterioration.
Sympecma fusca and S. paedisca occur in a wide spectrum of habitats within standing waters. However, the knowledge of these species distribution in oxbows is poor in Poland. In this study, new sites of S. fusca and S. paedisca along the Vistula River valley, be- tween Jawiszowice and Otałęż in the Małopolska Region (the Lesser Poland), are presented (Tab. 1, Fig. 1) and the importance of oxbows for the species distribution is discussed. Habi- tat conditions concerning hydrological and physico-chemical (12 parameters) water proper- ties are analysed (Tab. 2) with a focus on nutrient contents (phosphate – PO4 3–, ammonium – NH4 +, and nitrate – NO3 −). A total of 22 UTM 10x10 km squares were investigated and S. fusca was recorded in 17, while S. paedisca in 11 UTM squares (Tab. 1, Fig. 1). In total, 51 and 25 new sites of S. fusca and S. paedisca, respectively, were recorded. The species coexisted at 22 (43%) sites. The reproductive behaviour was observed at 29 sites for S. fusca and at 16 ones for S. paedisca. Both species preferred oxbows that during high water periods were temporarily connected with the river, i.e. those situated inside rather than outside of the levees (Fig. 2). Specifically, 63% sites of S. fusca and 76% sites of S. paedisca were located between the levees of the Vistula River. With respect to hydrochemical conditions, both species occurred in habitats with wide ranges of all measured water parameters and there was no significant difference between their preferences in this matter (Fig. 3). Regarding nutrients, both species were found at concentrations reaching 1,5 mg L–1 PO4 3– and 1,6 mg L–1 NH4 +. Nevertheless, a comparison between inhabited and uninhabited waters revealed preferences of both species to relatively low contents of phosphate and ammonium. With respect to nitrate, S. paedisca occurred at their low concentrations, whereas S. fusca did not show any pattern. We conclude that oxbows, particularly those seasonally flooded due to the river proxi- mity, are important habitats for S. fusca and S. paedisca. Thus, special attention should be paid on biotopes situated in great river valleys in Poland. Although both species tolerate broad ranges of physico-chemical water parameters, oxbows with relatively low nutrient concentrations are preferred.
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