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Utilization of services and referrals through dental outreach programs in rural areas of India. A two year study

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Asawa K., Bhanushali N. V., Tak M., Kumar D. R. V., Rahim M. F. B. A., Alshahran O. A., Divakar D. D.
Roczniki Państwowego Zakładu Higieny
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2015
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tom 66
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nr 3
Background. Oral health care services are often sparse and inconsistent in India therefore it is often difficult for poor people to get access to the oral health care services. The approach by dental institutions with the help of community outreach programs is a step ahead in overcoming this situation. Objectives. The study was conducted to evaluate the number of patients, disease pattern and the services provided in the outreach programmes and also effectiveness of patient referral. Methods. A retrospective study was conducted and the data were obtained from records of outreach programs conducted, in last 2 years by Pacific Dental College and Hospital. The data were analysed using descriptive statistics for the computation of percentages Chi-square test was applied to know the association of effectiveness of referral with age and gender. Confidence level and level of significance was fixed at 95% and 5% respectively. Results. A total of 22982 individuals in the age group of 4-80 years attended the outreach program. Dental caries (42.3%), periodontal diseases (63.2-69.0%) and dental fluorosis (33.7-35.0%) were commonly observed diseases. Effectiveness of referral was significantly high among the middle age adults and females (P<0.05). The effectiveness of referral was highly improved in 2013 after establishment of certain guidelines and strategies. Conclusion. The approaches by dental institutions with the help of community outreach programs can spread awareness and disseminate treatment and thereby enhancing access to care and eliminating access to care within the rural communities.
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The theory of reasoned action in describing tongue cleaning adherence among college going students of India: a model guided study

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Tak M., Grover S., Asawa K., John J., Shetty B., Divakar D. D.
Roczniki Państwowego Zakładu Higieny
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2022
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tom 73
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nr 2
Background. Just mere brushing of teeth is not enough for maintaining good oral health. Regular cleaning of tongue is equally important for maintaining good oral hygiene and to escape social embarrassment and personal discomfort, which could arise as a result of halitosis. Objective. To test the variables of Theory of Reasoned Action to explain the behavior of tongue cleaning among college going students of Udaipur city, Rajasthan, India. Material and methods. A descriptive cross-sectional survey was conducted amongst 756 college going students of Udaipur city, India using an online self-administered structured questionnaire which was designed based on our study objectives. Logistic regression analysis and structural equation modelling (SEM) were employed for statistical analysis. Confidence level and level of significance were set at 95% and 5% respectively. Results. Logistic regression analysis showed that with one unit increase in subjective norm, the tongue cleaning behavior odds increased significantly by 1.124. Also, the tongue cleaning behavior odds was 1.77 times significantly greater among those brushing their teeth twice a day than those brushing once a day. Structural Equation modelling also evidenced the significant direct effect of subjective norm on tongue cleaning behavior (β = 0.2, p≤0.05). Conclusion. Our results highlighted the importance of subjective norms in espousing tongue cleaning preventive behaviour habit. It is thus recommended to highpoint the role of significant others in changing tongue cleaning behaviour.
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