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1

Developing of DNA-marker to the Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici resistance genes of tomato

100%
Amini J.
Journal of Plant Protection Research
|
2009
|
tom 49
|
nr 2
175-178
Fusarium wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici is a destructive disease of tomato crops worldwide. The use of resistant varieties is the best strategy for disease control. In the present study we analyze eight tomato lines and hybrids for Fusarium wilt disease resistance by polymerase chain reaction. Total genomic DNA was extracted from young leaves of three-week-old plants of tomato. Results of PCR of eight tomato lines and hybrids indicated that there are one dominant heterozygote, two recessive homozygotes and five dominant homozygotes. Also, results of polymerase chain reaction showed that it needs less time and is cheaper. Also by using this method, it is possible to determine genotype of plant (homozygote or heterozygote) without presence of the pathogen. Therefore, PCR technique was used in the identification gene I2 conferring resistance to F. oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici.
2

The effects of fungicides on Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici associated with Fusarium wilt of tomato

63%
Amini J., Sidovich D. F.
Journal of Plant Protection Research
|
2010
|
tom 50
|
nr 2
172-178
Tomato fusarium wilt is considered as one of the most important diseases of tomato both in field and greenhouse - grown tomatoes worldwide. In presented research, six fungicides; benomyl, carbendazim, prochloraz, fludioxonil, bromuconazole and azoxystrobin, were evaluated for their efficacy against the disease casual agent Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici in vitro and in vivo. Seven different concentration (0.0001, 0.001, 0.01, 0.1, 1, 10, 100 μg/ml) were used for assessment of their inhibitory activities against the pathogen through mycelial growth inhibition on potato media. Four concentrations of above mentioned fungicides (0.1, 1. 10 and 100 μg/ml) were tested for controlling Fusarium wilt on tomato plants in glasshouse. Fungal radial growth was measured and median effective concentration (EC50) values (μg/ml) determined. The result of glasshouse tests revealed a different degree of efficacy of all tested fungicides in reducing disease infestation. Prochloraz and bromuconazole were the most effective fungicides against the pathogen both in vitro and in vivo, followed by benomyl and carbendazim. All other fungicides were less effective. Conserning the application date of fungicides it was shown that they were less effective when applied 7 days after tomato plant infection, compared with 1 day prior infection. No phytotoxic symptoms were observed after the application of prochloraz, bromuconazol and benomyl when used at recommended doses, especially on seedlings. However both fungicides fludioxonil and bromuconazole were shown to be phototoxic to tomato seedlings.
3
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Evaluation of Streptomyces spp. against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceris for the management of chickpea wilt

51%
Amini J., Agapoor Z., Ashengroph M.
Journal of Plant Protection Research
|
2016
|
tom 56
|
nr 3
In this study, about 112 isolates of Streptomyces were isolated from chickpea rhizospheric soils. Among the isolated strains, five showed strong inhibitory effects against chickpea Fusarium wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceris in vitro using plate assay and selected for further studies. The selected strains were identified as Streptomyces spp. based on morphological and biochemical characterization as well as 16S rDNA sequences analysis. Our results assigned them to strains related to genus of Streptomyces. In vitro, antagonistic effects of Streptomyces strains against the disease were evaluated through the dual-culture method, volatile and non-volatile metabolites, siderophore, protease and chitinase production. All bacterial strains inhibited mycelial growth of the pathogen ranging from 26 to 44.2% in dual culture assay. The non-volatile extract of five of the Streptomyces strains inhibited more than 50% growth of the pathogen, whereas volatile compounds were less effective on mycelial growth inhibition (20.2 to 33.4%). The ability of the biocontrol agents to produce siderophore and protease were varied, whereas, production of chitinase was detected for all strains. Results of the greenhouse assay indicated that all biocontrol agents reduced disease severity (ranging from 38.7 to 54.8%). Accordingly, strain KS62 showed higher control efficacy (54.8%). In addition, the biomass of chickpea plants (plant height and dry weight) significantly increased in plants treated with Streptomyces strains compared to non-bacterized control. The results of this study showed that it may be possible to manage chickpea Fusarium wilt disease effectively by using Streptomyces species, as biocontrol agents. Therefore, evaluating their efficiency under field conditions is needed.
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