The present study aimed at assessing the genetic position of the Hungarian Gray population. Hungarian Grey cattle kept at different farms in Hungary have been sampled (34 herds, n=3,187 in the period of 2009-2011) to investigate their genetic relationship based on analysis of allelic variation at eleven microsatellite loci. The mean observed heterozygosities per herd were above a moderate degree (0.60-0.80). Calculation of pairwise genetic distances and analysis of the history of herds revealed that among the most closely related herds we can find those, which are the core of the current Hungarian Gray population. The results of the population differentiation showed that all Hungarian Gray herds were significantly different from each other. In most cases (22 herds) FST values were within a range of low degree of genetic differentiation (0.003-0.050), while the remaining 12 herds differed from the central population by FST values of 0.060-0.119. Principal coordinate analysis, assignment tests and dendrograms all suggest that there are mainly two different groups among Hungarian Grey herds. Structure analysis has yielded K=3 as the most probable number of clusters. Based on the private allelic richness, genetic distance and FIS values identified were 12 herds where more attention should be paid by the management to avoid genetic drift and to preserve genetic diversity. The results presented could also contribute to the proper selection of animals for further whole genome scan studies of Hungarian Grey.
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