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Methods used by adolescents for reducing body mass

100%
Goluch-Koniuszy Z., Heberlej A.
Roczniki Państwowego Zakładu Higieny
|
2015
|
tom 66
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nr 4
Background. During adolescence teenagers undergo dynamic physical and mental changes which are accompanied by an increasing interest in changes to their external appearance. Often teens are concerned about such changes, leading to attempts at managing body mass reduction. Adolescent slimming more commonly arises due to a subjective appraisal of body mass rather than using any objective BMI indicators. Objective. To evaluate nutritional status of 13 year old boys and girls living in Szczecin, Poland and to analyse the methods used for achieving body mass reduction. Materials and Methods. Subjects were 1,342 adolescents consisting of 679 girls and 663 boys. Nutritional assessment was performed by anthropometric measurements; calculated BMI (Body Mass Index) and WC (Waist Circumference index). A questionnaire was also used to determine how the subjects lost body mass, their satisfaction levels, mood changes and physical activity. Results. Only 73% subjects had an adequate/normal nutritional status. It was found that half of those declaring that they had used various means of losing body mass (13.04%), of whom the majority were girls, had normal BMI indicators. The most frequently used method of losing body mass were; reducing foodstuff portions and dishes, abstaining from dinner, 1-3 starvation days, increasing physical activity, reducing sweets consumption, abstaining altogether from sweets and increasing fruit and vegetable consumption. Slimming diets were undertaken by 13.1% subjects, consisting mainly of 1000-1300 kcal diets, vegetarian diets or ones recommended by a physician. Conclusions. Adolescents living in Szczecin showed similar rates of adopting slimming diets for reducing body mass when compared to other regions of Poland and the rest of Europe. The methods used for this purpose were mainly either antior pro-healthy nutritional behaviour, but less often using physical activity or through slimming diets. It thus appears that monitoring nutritional status in adolescents, as well as providing education in pro-healthy nutrition, is necessary.
2
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Diet and nutritional status of elderly people depending on their place of residence

80%
Bogacka A., Heberlej A., Usarek A., Okoniewska J.
Roczniki Państwowego Zakładu Higieny
|
2019
|
tom 70
|
nr 2
Background. The main problems in nutrition among elderly people are insufficient consumption of high energy protein and deficiencies in vitamins and minerals. Obesity or malnutrition in this age group is also common. The character of the diet of the elderly is affected by many factors, including the place of residence. Objective.The aim of this work was to compare the diet and nutritional status of elderly people living in nursing homes and in their family homes in West Pomeranian Voivodeship region. Material and methods.The study was performed among 48 citizens of Drawsko Pomorskie (DP) and 79 residents of Nursery Home (NH) in Żabów. For the study we used a questionnaire containing questions about anthropometric data which served to assess nutritional state. The assessment of diets of the citizens of Drawsko Pomorskie was performed based on the menus collected using a 24-hour diet recall. Energy and nutritional value of the diets of NH residents were assessed on the basis of decade menus. Obtained results were compared to current recommendations. Results.Two examined groups comprised of both underweight and obese people. The residents of NH in Żabów consumed more energy, protein, fat, cholesterol and carbohydrates, whereas people from DP – more dietary fibre. Diets of the citizens of DP were characterized by excessive consumption of sodium, phosphorus, iron, zinc, copper and vitamins: A, B₂, B₆, B₁₂ and niacin, and insufficient consumption of potassium, calcium, magnesium and vitamins: D, E, C and folates. The diets of people living in family homes were excessive in sodium, phosphorus, iron, copper and vitamins: A, B₁, B₆, C and niacin, and contained too little calcium, magnesium and vitamins D, E and folates. Conclusion. It was shown that the place of residence of examined people affected their diets and nutritional status. Both in case of people living in NH and in family homes there was a risk of underweight and obesity, which could be affected by improper way of nutrition.
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