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Gene introgression between Gazella subgutturosa and G. marica: limitations of maternal inheritance analysis for species identification with conservation purposes

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Murtskhvaladze M., Gurielidze Z., Kopaliani N., Tarkhnishvili D.

Acta Theriologica

2012

tom 57

nr 4

It has recently been suggested that goitered gazelles (Gazella subgutturosa and Gazella marica) have paraphyletic maternal origin, and that the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene fragment can be used for species identification prior to reintroduction of the gazelles. Although there is a large geographic area where the gazelles have intermediate morphology, previous researchers have not inferred any signs of mitochondrial haplotype introgression, and it is thought that the introgression, if it exists, is male-biased. We studied mitochondrial haplotypes of morphologically typical G. subgutturosa from two geographic locations. Goitered gazelles from eastern Turkey, morphologically identical to G. subgutturosa, had haplotypes identical to G. marica. This finding confirms ongoing maternal gene introgression from G. marica to G. subgutturosa. Our suggestion is that there is a natural gene flow between these two nominal species, and morphological characters together with recombinant genetic markers rather than mitochondrial DNA should be used to differentiate among individuals from areas close to the contact zone.

Morphometric, biochemical and molecular traits in Caucasian wood mice [Apodemus-Sylvaemus], with remarks on species divergence

100%

Hille A., Tarkhnishvili D., Meinig H., Hutterer R.

Acta Theriologica

2002

tom 47

nr 4

We analysed Caucasian wood mice from Georgia (n = 60) and supplementary reference material of the Apodemus/Sylvaemus species group to evaluate the reliability of taxon identification. Traditional "expert knowledge" plus three different methodological approaches were employed and combined to perceive their discriminatory power for a reliable taxon assignment. Graphs of principal component scores derived from the analysis of 14 skull metrics displayed taxon membership of individuals. Individual multi-locus (L = 18) electrophoretic profiles were used to re-assess specimens to a specific genepool by an assignment test based on allele frequencies indicative of populational taxon samples of the respective sampling locations. Genotyped individuals were re-allocated to those taxa, for which they yielded the highest probability score. Genetic distances among the taxa were computed and clustered in a neighbour-joining tree. PCR-fragments of 1074bp amplified from the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene were cut with 2 six- and 4 four-cutter restriction enzymes, and resulting RFLP patterns were analysed phenetically to classify the specimens according to their molecular similarity. Partial cytochrome b sequences were used to construct a phylogenetic tree by computing neighbour-joining clusters from a matrix of percent nucleotide differences. The power of the combined classification approaches and their congruence is discussed. It is concluded that the joint application of traditional, morphometric and biochemical or genetic techniques for taxon allocation of specimens of wood mice encountered problems in species delimitation. The mtDNA topology obtained was not congruent with protein polymorphism that indicated differential historical and/or recent introgression and incomplete lineage sorting in substructured populations. Cytochrome b sequence DNA data analysed were not as adequate as expected to resolve phylogenetic relationships among Caucasian and European members of the Apodemus-Sylvaemus complex. Altogether, morphometric, biochemical and sequence data sets did not support the hypothesis of the evolutionary independence of European and Caucasian lineages of wood mice. Nonetheless, extended combined morphological and genetic analyses are considered necessary prerequisites to an in-depth study of the evolutionary lineages of the Apodemus/Sylvaemus group. More sequence data of a variety of genes (and plenty of nuclear markers) are needed to resolve the various levels of differentiation of the extant lineages.

Ograniczanie wyników

2 Acta Theriologica

2 Tarkhnishvili D.

1 Gurielidze Z.

1 Hille A.

1 Hutterer R.

1 Kopaliani N.

1 Meinig H.

1 Murtskhvaladze M.

1 2012

1 2002

Wyniki wyszukiwania

Gene introgression between Gazella subgutturosa and G. marica: limitations of maternal inheritance analysis for species identification with conservation purposes

Morphometric, biochemical and molecular traits in Caucasian wood mice [Apodemus-Sylvaemus], with remarks on species divergence