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1

Stereolithographic biomodelling to create tangible hard copies of the ethmoidal labyrinth air cells based on the visible human project

100%
Kapakin S.
Folia Morphologica
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2011
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tom 70
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nr 1
Rapid prototyping (RP), or stereolithography, is a new clinical application area, which is used to obtain accurate three-dimensional physical replicas of complex anatomical structures. The aim of this study was to create tangible hard copies of the ethmoidal labyrinth air cells (ELACs) with stereolithographic biomodelling. The visible human dataset (VHD) was used as the input imaging data. The Surfdriver software package was applied to these images to reconstruct the ELACs as three- -dimensional DXF (data exchange file) models. These models were post-processed in 3D-Doctor software for virtual reality modelling language (VRML) and STL (Standard Triangulation Language) formats. Stereolithographic replicas were manufactured in a rapid prototyping machine by using the STL format. The total number of ELACs was 21. The dimensions of the ELACs on the right and left sides were 52.91 x 13.00 x 28.68 mm and 53.79 x 12.42 x 28.55 mm, respectively. The total volume of the ELACs was 4771.1003 mm³. The mean ELAC distance was 27.29 mm from the nasion and 71.09 mm from the calotte topologically. In conclusion, the combination of Surfdriver and 3D-Doctor could be effectively used for manufacturing 3D solid models from serial sections of anatomical structures. Stereolithographic anatomical models provide an innovative and complementary tool for students, researchers, and surgeons to apprehend these anatomical structures tangibly. The outcomes of these attempts can provide benefits in terms of the visualization, perception, and interpretation of the structures in anatomy teaching and prior to surgical interventions. (Folia Morphol 2011; 70, 1: 33–40)
2

The paranasal sinuses: three-dimensional reconstruction, photo-realistic imaging, and virtual endoscopy

100%
Kapakin S.
Folia Morphologica
|
2016
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tom 75
|
nr 3
Background: The purpose of the study was to create computer-aided design models of the paranasal sinuses (frontal, maxillary, and sphenoid) and to perform virtual endoscopy (VE) to them by using virtual reality modelling language technique. Materials and methods: The visible human dataset was used as the input imaging data. The Surfdriver software package was applied on these images to reconstruct the paranasal sinuses as 3-dimensional (3D) computer-aided design models. These models were post-processed in Cinema 4D to perform the photorealistic imaging and VE of the paranasal sinuses. Results: The volumes of the maxillary sinuses were 24747.89 mm³ on the right and 29008.78 mm³ on the left. As for sphenoidal sinuses, an enormous variation was seen between the right and left cavities. The sphenoidal sinuses were 1995.90 mm³ on the right and 10228.93 mm³ on the left while the frontal sinuses were 20805.67 mm³ on the right and 18048.85 mm³ on the left. The largest sinus was left maxillary sinus by volume. Right frontal sinus was the largest sinus by surface area. It was calculated as 6002.73 mm². Our methodological outcomes proved that Surfdriver and Cinema 4D pair could be reliably used for 3D reconstructions, photo realistic imaging and creating 3D virtual environments from the serial sections of the anatomical structures. Conclusions: This technique allows students, researchers, and surgeons to perform noninvasive visualisation, simulation, and precise quantitative measurements of internal structures of the body. It was developed as a complementary tool for endoscopic surgery. It could be especially preferable for the patients who could not tolerate flexible or rigid endoscopy. (Folia Morphol 2016; 75, 3: 326–333)
3

The claustrum: three-dimensional reconsstruction, photorealistic imaging, and stereotactic approach

100%
Kapakin S.
Folia Morphologica
|
2011
|
tom 70
|
nr 4
The purpose of this study was to reveal the computer-aided three-dimensional (3D) appearance, the dimensions, and neighbourly relations of the claustrum and make a stereotactic approach to it by using serial sections taken from the brain of a human cadaver. The Snake technique was used to carry out 3D reconstructions of the claustra and surrounding structures. The photorealistic imaging and stereotactic approach were rendered by using the Advanced Render Module in Cinema 4D software. The claustrum takes the form of the concavity of the insular cortex and the convexity of the putamen. The inferior border of the claustrum is at about the same level as the bottom edge of the insular cortex and the putamen, but the superior border of the claustrum is at a lower level than the upper edge of the insular cortex and the putamen. The volume of the right claustrum, in the dimensions of 35.5710 mm x 1.0912 mm x 16.0000 mm, was 828.8346 mm³, and the volume of the left claustrum, in the dimensions of 32.9558 mm x 0.8321 mm x 19.0000 mm, was 705.8160 mm³. The surface areas of the right and left claustra were calculated to be 1551.149697 mm2 and 1439.156450 mm² by using Surfdriver software. This is the first study reporting the 3D reconstruction and photorealistic imaging of the claustrum of the human brain. This technique enables us to determine the spatial coordinates of the target tissues and to rehearse the surgical procedures for preoperative trajectory planning by using virtual surgery. We believe that this study will be a really useful anatomic guide for neuroscientists and neurosurgeons interested in the claustrum. (Folia Morphol 2011; 70, 4: 228–234)
4

Investigation of experimental Enterococcus faecalis amyloid arthropathy in chickens

51%
Kapakin K. A. T., Kapakin S., Kutsal O.
Bulletin of the Veterinary Institute in Puławy
|
2007
|
tom 51
|
nr 4
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