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1

Heterogeneity in the density of spotted hyaenas in Hluhluwe-iMfolozi Park, South Africa

100%
Graf J. A., Somers M. J., Szykman Gunther M., Slotow R.
Acta Theriologica
|
2009
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tom 54
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nr 4
333-343
Animal population sizes and trends, as well as their distributions, are essential information to the understanding and conservation of ecosystems. During this study in Hluhluwe-iMfolozi Park, South Africa, a spotted hyaena Crocuta crocuta Erxleben, 1777 (Hyaenidae) population was surveyed by attracting individuals with pre-recorded sounds. The hyaena population (excluding cubs) is substantially larger (321 individuals) than the previous estimate of 200 and this population is the second largest protected population in South Africa. Average hyaena density, at 0.357 individuals/km2, was relatively high compared to other southern African conservation areas, and range from 0 to 1.25 individuals/km2 across sampling stations. For short periods, spatial heterogeneity in density was marked at small and large spatial scales, but decreased when averaged over a longer period. This heterogeneity may be important in promoting the coexistence of other large and mobile carnivores in Hluhluwe-iMfolozi Park by creating potential dynamic competition refugia in space and time. Furthermore, heterogeneity of hyaena density at smaller scales should influence studies investigating the avoidance of hyaenas by competitively inferior carnivores.
2

Resource dispersion, territory size and group size of black-blacked jackals on a desert coast

100%
Nel J. A. J., Loutit R. J., Braby R., Somers M. J.
Acta Theriologica
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2013
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tom 58
|
nr 2
We studied the relationship between resource—food patch—richness and dispersion on group and territory size of black-backed jackals Canis mesomelas in the Namib Desert. Along beaches where food patches are mostly small, widely separated jackal group sizes are small, and territories are narrow and extremely elongated. Where food patches are rich, fairly clumped and also heterogeneous, group sizes are large and territory sizes small. At a superabundant and highly clumped food source—a large seal rookery—group sizes are large, and territoriality is absent. Although jackals feed at the coast and den nearby, individuals move linearly far inland along well-defined footpaths. The marked climatic gradient from the cold coast inland—a drop in wind speed and rise in effective temperature T e – and use of particular paths by different groups—strongly suggests that these movements are for thermoregulatory reasons only.
3

Group structure and social behaviour of warthogs Phacochoerus aethiopicus

100%
Somers M. J., Rasa O. A. E., Penzhorn B. L.
Acta Theriologica
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1995
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tom 40
|
nr 3
Data are presented on aspects of the group structure anc! social behaviour of warthogs Phacochoerus aethiopicus (Pallas, 1767) in the Andries Vosloo Kudu Reserve (AVKR), Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. The social structure of warthogs is one of small groups, usually solitary males or bachelor groups, matriarchal groups consisting of adult females with juveniles and/or yearlings, or yearling groups. Mean group size was 2.21. Forty five percent of warthogs sighted were solitary. There was a seasonal variation in the mean group size. Differences in social interactions between various age and sex classes are described. Breeding of the warthogs in the AVKR was seasonal with the females coming into oestrus at the end of May and farrowing towards the end of November. The mating system is promiscuous with males roaming during the mating season, mating with numerous females, and females mating with more than one male. Non-offspring nursing occurred.
4

Diet of the South African large-spotted genet Genetta tigrina [Carnivora, Viverridae] in a coastal dune forest

100%
Roberts P. D., Somers M. J., White R. M., Nel J. A. J.
Acta Theriologica
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2007
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tom 52
|
nr 1
We studied seasonal variations in the diet of the large-spotted genetGenetta tigrina Schreber, 1776 in the coastal dune forest of the Dwesa Nature Reserve, Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. The food items with the highest relative percentage occurrence were Coleoptera, Orthoptera and Mammalia. However, by volume they ate mostly grass then followed by Coleoptera and Orthoptera. Main prey items originated from the litter layer or low lying bushes, such as arachnids, insects, myriapods, and most mammals. The latter included ten rodent (main staple:Dendromus sp.), two golden mole and two shrew species, from 10–100 g mass. They were represented dependent on species density, but switching between seasons and habitats occupied. Birds appeared under-represented in the diet for a semi-arboreal carnivore, although this correlates with data from other studies. Remains of birds in the diet, however, peaked during winter and spring probably as a result of the main nesting period in spring. There were some variation in diet between habitats (riparian, forest and beach) and seasons. Our results show the South African large-spotted genet to have an opportunistic, generalist diet.
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