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In animal feeding soluble dietary fibres have been considered as the main antinutritive factor. High level of soluble pentosan content (SPC) in grains of triticale, which is used greatly as a feeding cereal, decreases feed intake in chickens and piglets, hampers digestion and makes droppings very sticky resulting in inhibition of growth. Variability of SPC was assessed spectrophotometrically within the recombinants of hexaploid triticale with synthetic amphitetraploid Triticum monococcum/Secale cereale to evaluate the possibilities of selection in respect of low soluble pentosan content. Standard triticale lines LT 176/10 and LT 522/6 used in crosses as a gene recipient parents had 125% and 128% of SPC in wheat check cultivars. Surprisingly high variation in SPC of grain was found within the set of introgressive triticale lines resulting from recombination with amphitetraploids. The coefficient of variation (CV%) amounted to 24.7. Some of the studied introgressive lines of triticale had the grain SPC lower than wheat. Theses results make the breeding of low SPC triticale promising.
Triticale introgressive lines were developed by incorporating diploid wheat (Triticum monococcum [TM16]) genes into the hexaploid triticale genotype LT522/6. The synthetic allotetraploid T. monococcum cereale (AmAmRR) was used as a bridging form to introduce the genes. A group of 43 introgressive lines, parental stocks and a check cultivar were inoculated at the seedling stage (in the greenhouse) and at the adult plant stage (in the field) with four pathotypes of Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici to determine if the stripe rust resistance was derived from TM16 and to analyze the expression of the diploid wheat gene(s) at the hexaploid level. At the seedling stage, 14 triticale introgressive lines expressed resistance to some of the used pathotypes, showing introduction of a genetic material from the T. monococcum genome. Among them, 7 lines were resistant to all four stripe rust pathotypes applied at this stage. In the field, adult plant resistance and percentage of infected leaf area were scored and transformed into the coefficient of infection. Plant response to stripe rust was compatible at these two developmental stages with a high statistical probability showing the genetic dependence on the same genetic background. Also observed was a full concordance of the adult plant resistance to stripe rust with previously assessed resistance to leaf rust, as well as the highly significant linkage of the resistance to the both diseases at the seedling stage in the set of the tested introgression lines. This result strongly suggests that T. monococcum genes responsible for these characters are located in proximity.
The set consisting of 42 forms of Triticum tauschii (syn. Aegilops squarrosa) Coss. gathered in the National Small Grains Collection (USA) and 4 forms from the collection of the Institute of Plant Genetics PAS was investigated in terms of resistance to powdery mildew (Erysiphe graminis f. sp. tritici) under the artificial inoculation conditions. Out of all studied forms, 21 collection forms (45.6%) expressed resistance at the seedling stage and at the stage of vegetative development, but only in 12 forms (26%) resistance was expressed at the fully developed stage. Resistant forms formed clusters in terms of their origin from specific geographical regions. Under the infection promoting conditions, hexaploid wheat cultivars Igna, Omega and Tercja were already distinctly infected at the early development stages and were strongly infected at the fully developed stage. Two completely resistant forms of T. tauschii Coss. (151 PI, 152 PI) were crossed with a susceptible wheat cultivar Igna to introduce genetic material directly from genome Dt carrying resistance genes (omitting the generation of a synthetic hexaploid). The previously described crossing efficiency using T. tauschii Coss. as a maternal form was confirmed. Embryos from the non-endospermic hybrid cary-opses were cultured in vitro. The character limiting the potential of generating F₁ plants was high susceptibility of embryos to callus formation even at their considerably advanced developmental stages. Out of the produced F₁ plants as a result of the colchicine treatment allooctoploid genotypes were generated with the ABBDDDtDt genome, which may be used as bridging forms for the introgression of resistance genes into selected wheat cultivars.
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