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1

Review on the fate and mechanism of nitrogen pollutant removal from wastewater using a biological filter

100%
Wang H., Zhi W., Deng N., Ji G.
Polish Journal of Environmental Studies
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2017
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tom 26
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nr 5
Biological filter (biofilter) technology has developed rapidly and has been extensively employed to remove nitrogen pollutants originating from aquatic environments. Due to the different responses of nitrogen microorganisms to various operating parameters and environmental factors, achieving satisfactory nitrogen removal in biofilters remains a challenge. Hence, this review aims to provide useful information on the underlying nitrogen removal mechanisms in biofilters by giving a comprehensive review of traditional and newly discovered nitrogen transformation processes and microbial communities associated with nitrogen cycling. Firstly, a brief summary on overall performance of biofilters using traditional and newly discovered methods for nitrogen removal was presented. The detailed nitrogen transformation pathways and functional microbial communities associated with nitrogen cycling in biofilters were discussed. A brief overview is followed by a more detailed discussion of techniques for assessing nitrogen microbial population dynamics and community structure and function. Finally, conclusions and recommendations for future work are highlighted.
2

Research on runoff pollution characteristics and countermeasures at sensitive highway sites

88%
Wang Y., Gao C., Yang S., Ji G., Liu X.
Polish Journal of Environmental Studies
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2016
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tom 25
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nr 2
Pollution and control on highway surface runoff have become a serious problem in highway environmental protection. Constructing a highway in a water conservation district could bring benefi ts as well as a variety of environmental pollution and potential damage. Based on water conservation district sensitivity and highway runoff characteristics, the current paper analyzes the impact of highway runoff on water quality in the water source protection area. It hasn’t yet had a good and mature process with respect to the drainage of the drinking water source reserves of domestic highways. It was designed as a concentrated drainage treatment system to process the drainage of sensitive sections as outlined in this paper. Highway surface runoff characteristics were studied by monitoring, investigating, sampling, and analyzing the Renhuai-to- Chishui highway (RCH), and then the concentrated drainage treatment system was designed, and the water is collected piecewise along the route. The processing system can not only effectively deal with road surface runoff of the water source protection area, but also to cope with risk. Combined with the actual situation of water source conservation areas around RCH, we have carried out a detailed demonstration of the drainage system in order to mollify the contradiction between the water resource protection area and development of traffi c in the water reserves. The results showed that the processing rates – as high as 83.17-93.77% – and the concentrated drainage treatment system could guarantee effl uents meeting discharge standards. This study demonstrates the effectiveness of the concentrated drainage treatment system in RCH and establishes an advanced technology for highway surface runoff control.
3

Physiological adaptations of Elymus dahuricus to high altitude on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau

76%
Cui G., Ji G., Liu S., Li B., Lian L., He W., Zhang P.
Acta Physiologiae Plantarum
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2019
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tom 41
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nr 07
The harsh natural environment on the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau has a detrimental effect on the growth of vegetation. Elymus dahuricus, a widely distributed perennial herb on the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau, is highly adapted to alpine regions. To unveil the mechanism of E. dahuricus adaptation to high altitude on the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau, the relative photosynthetic characteristics and physiological indexes of wild E. dahuricus collected from different elevations in Huangzhong County and Minhe County of Qinghai Province were investigated. Increases in the maximum photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm), potential activity (Fv/Fo), non-photochemical quenching (NPQ), total carotenoids content (Car), chlorophyll a to chlorophyll b ratio (Chl a/b) and total carotenoids to chlorophyll ratio (Car/Chl) were accompanied by decreases in photochemical quenching coefficient (qP), effective photochemical quantum yield of PSII (Y(II)) and chlorophyll a (Chl a) and chlorophyll b (Chl b) contents. Increases in Fv/Fm and Fv/F0 with altitude indicate that the photosynthetic capacity can be maintained with increases in altitude. As a photoprotective mechanism, decreases in chlorophyll content could lead to a reduction in the absorption of high energy light by leaves; therefore, the photosynthetic capacity of E. dahuricus was maintained on the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau. Furthermore, the increasing malondialdehyde content along altitudinal gradients indicated that the alpine environments had an adverse effect on E. dahuricus growth. The increase in superoxide dismutase, peroxidase and catalase activities reflected a higher reactive oxygen species scavenging capacity, and the increases in soluble sugar and proline contents increased the osmotic adjustment substance contents, suggesting that the reactive oxygen species scavenging ability and osmotic pressure regulation play roles in maintaining the normal growth of E. dahuricus. In conclusion, the high altitude on the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau negatively affected E. dahuricus growth, and the adaptation mechanism and survival strategies of E. dahuricus were ascribed to the comprehensive effects of photosynthetic capacity, reactive oxygen species scavenging and osmotic adjustments.
4

Frequency of double minute chromosomes and combined cytogenetic abnormalities and their characteristics

51%
Fan Y., Mao R., Lv H., Xu J., Yan L., Liu Y., Shi M., Ji G., Yu Y., Bai J., Jin Y., Fu S.
Journal of Applied Genetics
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2011
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tom 52
|
nr 1
Double minute chromosomes (DMs) are the cytogenetic hallmark of extra-chromosomal genomic amplification. The frequency of DMs in primary cancer and the cytogenetic features of DMs-positive primary cancer cases are largely unknown. To unravel these issues, we retrieved the Mitelman database and analyzed all DMs-positive primary cancerous karyotypes (787 karyotypes). The overall frequency of DMs is 1.4% (787 DMs-positive cases; total 54,398 cases). We found that DMs have the highest frequency in adrenal carcinoma (28.6%, topography) and neuroblastoma (31.7%, morphology). The frequencies of DMs in each tumor were much lower than in previous reports. The frequency ofDMs in malignant cancers is significantly higher than in benign cancers, which confirms that DMs are malignant cytogenetic markers. DMs combined cytogenetic abnormalities are identified and sorted into two groups by principal component analysis (PCA), with one group containing −4, −5, −8, −9, −10, −13, −14, −15, −16, −17, −18, −20, −21, and −22, and the other containing −1p, −5q, +7, and +20. The prominent imbalance in DMs-positive cancer cases is chromosome loss. However, DMs-positive cancer cases, deriving from different morphologic cancers, cannot be clearly divided into subgroups. Our large database analysis provides novel knowledge of DMs and their combined cytogenetic abnormalities in primary cancer.
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