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A ban on cutting tail in dogs has been introduced in many countries. In order to exhibit on an official pedigree show a tailless or short-tailed dog, it’s owner must provide a statement confirming that the short tail is natural characteristic of his dog. The aim of this paper was to design a test to diagnose a C295G dominant mutation in T gene which is responsible for short-tail phenotype in 17 dog breeds. This mutation creates a BstEII restriction site. The molecular test designed is based on genomic DNA analysis. A fragment of T gene is amplified in polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Then, the PCR product is treated with restriction enzyme BstEII, and the analysis of restriction fragments is carried out in polyacrylamide gel. A genotype of 30 Polish Pembroke Welsh Corgi regarding T gene has been determined. Within the studied group of dogs, 10 heterozygotes and 20 recessive homozygotes have been found. No dominant homozygotes have been present.
Transgenic maize with cry1Ab gene is resistant to target insect – Ostrinia nubilalis (Hbn.). Among non-target herbivorous insects, the rose-grain aphid (Metopolophium dirhodum Walk.) is one of known cereal aphid species. The aim of this study was to assess the behaviour and bionomy of M. dirhodum on three maize cultivars: transgenic (YG), isogenic (ISO) and conventional Bosman in greenhouse and laboratory conditions. To assess aphids preference to maize cultivars the “free choice test” was performed. The number of aphids that settled on preferred plants (at the 4-leaf stage) of various maize cultivars was counted after 24 and 48 h. For the next 8 days new-born nymphs and apterous aphids were counted. Bionomy parameters of females were evaluated on leaves cut from various cultivars and closed in Münger cages. This study was performed in growth chambers using single aphid as one replication. In greenhouse bioassay screens (“free choice test”) the negative impact of transgenic maize on aphids wasn’t stated. However on YG plants the rate of M. dirhodum population development was slower. Similarly, in laboratory tests, aphids that fed on YG plants had lower fecundity, shorter longevity and reproductive period than those fed on ISO and Bosman cvs. This suggests that among cultivars assessed, for some reason the maize plants of YG cv. are the most antibiotic to M. dirhodum.
The review focuses on the role of two groups of proteins (anti-nutritive and toxic) in plant defence against insect herbivores.
The review focuses on the progress in recent decades on various aspects of molecular responses taking place in plants infested by herbivorous arthropods. The diversity of herbivoryinitiated molecular events was presented with special emphasis on: (1) elicitors and a general recognition process, (2) signal perception, transduction, integration and defence gene expression, (3) cross-talk between salicylate- and jasmonate-dependent defence pathways, and (4) regulators of plant defence responses.
Maize (Zea mays L.) hybrid with the Bt transgene from the bacterium Bacillus thuringensis (Bt) (DKC 3421 YG) and its non-Bt near-isoline (DKC 3420) as well as Polish cultivar Bosman (HR Smolice) were subjected to drought stress and/or the two-spotted spider mite (Tetranychus urticae, Acarina: Tetranychidae) feeding to assess changes in the relative water content (RWC) and dry weight (DW) in leaves of different age (leaf: 7th, 8th, 9th, 10th). All plants were at the vegetative stage and grew under greenhouse conditions. The effect of both abiotic and biotic stress was analysed 4 and 6 days after treatment. The experiments conducted in two series showed that among examined maize cultivars, T. urticae feeding decreased RWC in Bosman cv. leaves only, while drought altered leaf RWC of plants in a similar manner – the older the leaf, the greater reduction of RWC. Drought alone and drought accompanied by T. urticae feeding significantly decreased RWC of maize leaves in all cultivars (DKC 3421 YG, DKC 3420, Bosman). Concluding, drought had a greater impact on leaf RWC of young maize plants than mite feeding.
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