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Productivity of plants is determined by multiple factors that directly affect one another, therefore yield variability may be high and difficult to predict. Most often, however, a lower crop yield is achieved in the notillage system than in the ploughing system. An exact field experiment was undertaken to determine the yield and chemical composition of pea seeds sown under conditions of: 1) conventional tillage – CT (shallow ploughing and harrowing after the harvest of previous crop, pre-winter ploughing in winter); 2) reduced tillage – RT (stubble cultivator after the harvest of previous crop); and 3) herbicide tillage – HT (only glyphosate after the harvest of previous crop). A cultivation unit was applied on all plots in the springtime. Pea seed yield was higher by 14.1% in the CT than in the RT system and by 50.5% than in the HT system. The CT system was increasing the plant number m–2, number of pods and seeds m–2, seed mass per plant, and 1000 seeds mass, compared to the other systems. Protein content of seeds was at a similar level in all analyzed tillage systems, but was affected by the study year. In turn, the mineral composition of seeds was determined by both tillage system and study year. The seeds harvested from CT plots contained more phosphorus and iron, those from RT plots – more calcium and zinc, whereas those from HT plots – more phytate-P, potassium, magnesium, and copper, compared to the seeds from the other plots.
A 57-year-old female patient with a family history of coronary artery disease admitted to our hospital for the coronary check-up. A coronary angiography was performed with ECG-gated 128 slice dual source computed tomography. Multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) showed, in addition to the normal coronary arteries, a persistent levoatrial cardinal vein (LCV) draining into vena cava superior. ECG-gated cardiac MDCT is a useful tool showing the origin, course, and drainage site of LCV. (Folia Morphol 2013; 72, 3: 274–277)
In this study, antioxidant activity (AA), total phenolics (TP), total flavonoids (TF), individual phenolic compounds (IPCs), vitamin C and six other fruit characteristics including weight loss, flesh firmness, color, soluble solids content (SSC), dry matter and titratable acidity (TA) of Caucasian whortleberry fruits (Vaccinium arctostaphylos L.) were determined at harvest and at a week postharvest intervals throughout the cold storage at 0°C for 4 weeks. Significant decreases were observed in fruit weight and flesh firmness during the cold storage period. While L* and chroma values decreased significantly, an increase was observed in hue angle values. Significant increases were observed in dry matter, but decreases were observed in SSC, TA and vitamin C contents. Caucasian whortleberry fruits had quite high polyphenol contents. Total phenolics (TP), total flavonoids (TF), antioxidant activity (AA) (according to ABTS+, DPPH· and FRAP antioxidant tests) and individual phenolic compounds (IPCs) significantly decreased throughout the cold storage. Chlorogenic acid was the major phenolic in Caucasian whortleberry fruits. It was concluded that Caucasian whortleberry fruits with high phenolic compound and flavonoid levels might serve a potential antioxidant source.
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