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We observed, both in the leaves and roots of the vegetables examined, that the concentration of fluoride was in each case higher in vegetable samples in Łosień, 6 km from the “Katowice” Steel Works (fluorine emitters), than in the vegetable samples grown in Nowy Sącz, 200 km from the “Katowice” Steel Works (in the area of relatively low fluorine pollution). The highest F content was characteristic of beet (Beta vulgaris) leaves and root samples, the lower one was found in celery (Apium graveolens) leaves and root samples and the lowest one in savoy (Brassica oleracea) leaf samples. The highest and lowest F- concentrations in the leaf samples examined was c.a. 33 mg/kg D.W. (beet leaves from Łosień of 1995) and c.a. 11 mg/kg D.W. (savoy leaves from Nowy Sącz of 1996). Moreover, it was found that the observed growth of F- concentration in the savoy leaf samples, both from Łosień and Nowy Sącz, correlated with an increase of nitrogen concentration in them.
We estimated the toxic effect of benzene, phenol, and catechol on the logarithmic phase of growth of Chlorella vulgaris, Beijerinck 1890 cultures; the compounds show various degrees of toxicity to the algae. A concept was developed concerning each compound's toxicity index EC50/(T2-T1) The concept assumes the calculation of the index as well as benzene, phenol, and catechof-ináuced inhibition of test cultures growth f(T2-T1,) in T2-T1, interval which corresponds in our experiment to the logarithmic phase of control culture growth. f(T2-T1,) was proved to remain in linear relation to the initial concentration of the investigated substances in culture medium. Also, it was found that the values of EC50/(T2-T1), calculated by probit methods, are characterized by confidence intervals comparable to those determined for EC50/96 and EC50/Tmax (the indexes were determined at hour 96 and Tmax, respectively)
An inhibition of growth of Chlorella vulgaris, Beijerinck 1980 laboratory cultures carried out under different conditions caused by benzene, phenol and catechol was investigated. Each of the investigated substances was added to the culture medium at 4 or 5 different concentrations, directly before inoculation. The cultures were carried up to the stationary phase of growth. The density of alga cell suspension in the culture medium was determined with the use of a Bürker hemocytometer as well as EC50/96 and EC 50/Tmax values. It was stated that under some conditions it was possible to estimate the toxicity of the investigated substances, either in open cultures (flasks with microbiological corks, type I cultures) or closed (flasks with ground corks, type II cultures), but in this second case with the presence of NaHCO3 as an additional source of C02. The results presented in this paper indicate a relatively high toxicity of benzene and its investigated metabolites, phenol and catechol, as well as its dependence on conditions in the investigated cultures.
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