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This work presents the results of an experimental study and of computer simulations concerning electric interactions in the surface layer of egg yolk lecithin (EYL) liposome membranes. The surface layer is formed by EYL polar heads, which possess features of electric dipoles, and positive charged polar heads belonging to admixtures of quaternary ammonium salts (AS). The results of the experimental study are in good agreement with the ones of the computer simulations. It was found that fluidity of the membranes, at a given concentration of AS, obtains the extremal (minimal) value. Similarly, the binding energy of the dipoles-positive charges system behaves like that in computer simulations. Moreover, the locations of the fluidity extremum and those of the binding energy depend on the charge of the AS polar heads as well as on the degree of electric interactions screening by the environment. At a certain optimal value of the screening coefficient, the energy of the system is the lowest (the most negative) and together with the rise in AS charge, the minimum of the energy moves towards its higher concentrations.
Our work studied the effect of selected organometallic chloride compounds on electrical properties of membrane, in the form of hydrophilic filters impregnated with lauric acid. The presence of the compounds in the membrane surroundings induced a quick increase of the membrane voltage that decreased more slowly after reaching the maximum value, and stabilized after a lapse of a specified period of time. In the case of triphenyltin, the voltage changed direction during measurement and stabilized in negative values. Based on the results obtained, it was found that the effectiveness of the interaction of the compounds studied with the membrane is highest in the case of triphenyltin chloride. The change of voltage polarization in the case of triphenyltin may denote that chlorine ions released in the dissociation process penetrated the other side the membrane.
Formation of micelles of the fourteen-carbon amphiphilic ammonium salt (N,N,N - trimethylglycinetetradecyl ester chloride - AS V-14), was studied using the ESR spin probe method. The probe used was 2-hexyl-2-[11-methoxy-11-oxoundecyl]-4,4-dimethyl-3oxazolidinyloxy [Met (5,10)]. The micelles formation process was signalized by changes in ESR spectra of a probe. The probe spectrum in aqueous environment has the shape of one broad line, whereas three narrow lines are observed in a hydrophobic environment. The study showed that the critical micellar concentration (CMC) of the AS V-14 compound amounts to about 1.7 mM. This agrees approximately with the value obtained from calorimetric measurements (1.9 ± 0.1 mM). After addition of oleic acid into the solution (by intensive shaking) it was found that AS V-14 micelles start to form at concentration of about 0.07 mM. The reduction in the CMC value may be caused by formation of mixed micelles, containing AS V-14 and fatty acid.
The influence of organic and inorganic compounds of tin on the dynamic properties of liposome membranes obtained in the process of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) sonication in distilled water was investigated. This was carried out by means of the spin ESR probe method. The probes were selected in such a way as to penetrate different areas of the membrane (a TEMPO probe, 5-DOXYL stearic acid, 16-DOXYL stearic acid). Four compounds of tin were chosen: three organic ones, (CH3)4Sn, (C2H5)4Sn and (C3H7)3SnCl, and one inorganic one, SnCl2. The investigated compounds were added to a liposome dispersion, which was prepared prior to that. The concentration of the admixture was changed within the values from 0 to 10%-mole in proportion to DPPC. The studies indicated that the chlorides of tin display the highest activity in their interaction with liposome membranes. Since these compounds have ionic form in a water solution, the obtained result can mean that this form of admixture has a considerable influence on its activity. Furthermore, it was found that there is a slightly stronger influence of tin compounds with a longer hydrocarbon chain on changes in the probes’ spectroscopic parameters.
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