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1

Dietary exposure of contaminants through drinking water and associated health risk assessment

100%
Akhtar S., Fatima R., Soomro Z. A., Hussain M., Ahsan M., Ahmad S. R.
Polish Journal of Environmental Studies
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2018
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tom 27
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nr 2
This study investigated physico-chemical drinking water quality of 115 water supply schemes of of District Mianwali along with estimating the health risks associated with the intake of arsenic and flouride in drinking water. One sample was collected from the source end while two samples were collected from consumer ends of each scheme. Overall results showed that 81% of the water samples were safe while 19% were unsafe for drinking purposes. Results showed that TDS (30%), chloride (15%), sulphate (40%), calcium (40%), sodium (14.2%), hardness (24%), nitrate (13%), flouride (30%), and arsenic (7%) exceeded World Health Organization (WHO) standards. Pearson correlation matrix also showed statistically significant relationships (p<0.01) between various physico-chemical parameters and statistically strong significant positive relationships (r = 0.68-1.00, p<0.01) between TDS, Ca, SO₄²⁻, and hardness.There was no variation in the source and consumer end water quality. Risk assessment revealed a low potential health risk to the population of Mianwali for arsenic at source 0.4309<1 (mean) and consumer ends 0.70438<1 (mean), and F- 0.4339<1 at source (mean) and 0.4068<1 (mean) at consumer ends. Hence, this study is in time for the authorities to act immediately, as Mianwali groundwater quality is deteriorating.
2
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Improved cut flower and corm production by exogenous moringa leaf extract application on gladiolus cultivars

84%
Younis A., Akhtar M. S., Riaz A., Zulfiqar F., Qasim M., Farooq A., Tariq U., Ahsan M., Bhatti Z. M.
Acta Scientiarum Polonorum. Hortorum Cultus
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2018
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tom 17
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nr 4
Bio-stimulants are in excessive demand for the sustainable production of floriculture crops. The current investigation was designed to find out the effect of naturally occurring growth stimulant moringa leaf extract (MLE) on the growth, flowering, post-harvest life and corm production of two gladiolus cultivars (cvs.) ‘Rose Supreme’ and ‘White Prosperity’. The research trial was laid out in the factorial arrangement under randomized complete block design. Corms were grown in the open field under local climatic conditions of Faisalabad, Pakistan. Potential of exogenously applied (MLE; 30 times diluted) was evaluated. Treatments including spraying MLE at 3 leaves, 5 leaves, floral bud stage, one combination of these three stages relative to control with no foliar application. Application of natural bio-stimulant produced maximum height in both cvs. against T4. Both cvs. gave maximum stalk length in response to T4. The number of florets spike–1 found the maximum (13) in T1 compared to control T0 which yield (9) florets. Maximum vase life in sucrose solution (13.33 days) was exhibited by T1 for both cvs. while minimum (10 days) in T0. In cultivar comparison earlier spike emergence was observed in ‘White Prosperity’. In ‘Rose Supreme’ maximum corm weight was attained in response to T3 (43.43 g) while minimum (30.33 g) in T0.‘White Prosperity’ produced maximum weight (40.33 g) against T4 whereas minimum by control. The cultivar mean comparison showed the superiority of cormel diameter in ‘Rose Supreme’ (10.93 mm) than ‘White Prosperity’ (9.13 mm). In treatment comparison, T4 produced maximum diameter (12.04 mm) in ‘Rose Supreme’ moreover, T2 induced maximum (9.57 mm) diameter in ‘White Prosperity’.
3
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Drought tolerance of Leucophyllum frutescens: physiological and morphological studies reveal the potential xerophyte

84%
Younish A., Riaz A., Tariq U., Nadiem M., Khan N. A., Ahsan M., Adli W., Naseem M. K.
Acta Scientiarum Polonorum. Hortorum Cultus
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2017
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tom 16
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nr 6
Xeriscaping focus on the use of drought tolerant species of plants for environmental sustainability leading to the conservation of natural resources. We need to look for drought tolerant, water efficient plant species. Present research was aimed to assess the water use efficiency of Leucophyllum frutescens (silvery) for its adaptability and potential as xerophyte. In this study, seven treatments were applied were 100% field capacity was considered as control while 85%, 70%, 55%, 40%, 25% and 5% field capacities were taken as different drought levels. Effect of drought commenced at 40% field capacity and lower drought treatments as decrease in shoot and root fresh and dry weight, root length, leaf area and leaf area index and leaf firing percentage increased with severity of drought compared to 100% field capacity. Physiological parameters including water use efficiency (A/E), leaf water potential (ψleaf), stomatal conductance (gs), photosynthesis rate, cell membrane stability and total chlorophyll contents proved that this plant species can tolerate severe drought conditions. Positive correlation was found among most of the attributes but leaf temperature was negatively correlated with leaf water potential, photosynthesis rate, cell membrane stability, and chlorophyll contents. Moreover, regression analysis between various morphological and physiological attributes showed the predictive power of the model yielding significant results for leaf area and cell membrane stability (R2 = 0.74), root length and photosynthesis rate (R2 = 0.65), leaf temperature and chlorophyll contents (R2 = 0.43) and leaf area and leaf water potential (ψleaf) (R2 = 0.93).
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