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1
Artykuł dostępny w postaci pełnego tekstu - kliknij by otworzyć plik
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Biochemical effects of aequous leaf extract of Abrus precatorius (Jecquirity bean) in Swiss albino mice

100%
Saganuwan S. A., Onyeyili P. A.
Herba Polonica
|
2010
|
tom 56
|
nr 3
The leaf of Abrus precatorius has been used in Nigeria for the treatment of myriad of diseases including malaria, typhoid, cough, respiratory tract infections and hepatitis. Since the plant, especially the seeds, has been widely known to be toxic, there is a need to investigate biochemical and histopathological effect of aqueous extract of Abrus leaf in swiss albino mice. Biochemical analysis revealed significantly (p<0.05) increased aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, creatinine, urea, and chloride ion. There were also noted hypophosphataemia, hypokalaemia and hypoglycaemia (p<0.05). Histopathology revealed mononuclear cellular infiltrations of heart, lung, liver, intestine, spleen and kidney cells. Zenker’s necrosis of hepatocytes, thickening of interalveolar septae of pneumocytes and degeneration of splenic and kidney cells were observed as well. Hence aqueous extract of Abrus precatorius leaf is toxic at dose levels of 12.5, 25, 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg body weight when administered for a period of 21 days.
2
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In vitro and in vivo evaluation of antitrypanosomal activity of Annona muricata stem bark extracts

100%
Onyeyili P. A., Aliyoo K.
Herba Polonica
|
2015
|
tom 61
|
nr 2
The control of trypanosomosis in animals and humans based on chemotherapy is limited and not ideal, since the agents used are associated with severe side effects, and emergence of relapse and drug resistant parasites. The need for the development of new, cheap and safe compounds stimulated this study. Three concentrations (211, 21.1 and 2.11 mg per ml) of chloroform stem bark extract of Annona muricata were screened for trypanocidal activity against Trypanosoma brucei brucei in vitro. Also, two doses (200 mg per kg and 100 mg per kg) of the extract were evaluated for trypanocidal activity in rats infected with the parasite. Haematological parameters were determined on day 1 post infection and on days 1, 6 and 30-post extract treatment. The extracts inhibited parasite motility and totally eliminated the organisms at the concentrations used in vitro. The extract also showed promising in vivo trypanocidal activity. The observed in vitro and in vivo trypanocidal activities may be due to the presence of bioactive compounds present in the extracts as seen in this study. The extract also improved the observed decreases in haematological parameters of the treated rats, which may be due to their ability to decrease parasite load. The observed oral LD50 of 1,725.05 mg per kg of the chloroform A. muricata extract using up and down method is an indication of very low toxicity, implying that the extract could be administered with some degree of safety.
3
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Comparative toxicological effects of orally and intraperitoneally administered aqueous extracts of Abrus precatorius leaf in Mus musculus

81%
Saganuwan S., Onyeyili P. A., Suleiman A. O.
Herba Polonica
|
2011
|
tom 57
|
nr 3
Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, reducing sugar, total glycoside and saponin glycosides in high concentration. Proximate analysis revealed the presence of moisture (6.18%), dry matter (93.90%), crude protein (12.06%), crude fibre (15.33%), nitrogen free extract (34.12%), ash (12.28%) and oil (19.21%). Comparative toxicological assessment of orally and intraperitoneally administered aqueous extracts of Abrus precatorius leaf was carried out in Swiss albino mice. Median lethal doses (LD50) of orally and intraperitoneally administered aqueous extracts of Abrus precatorius leaf were estimated at dose levels of 2558.9 mg/kg and 638 mg/kg body weight, respectively. Intraperitoneal 10 mg/kg body weight of the extract caused increased packed cell volume, neutropenia and decreased aspartate aminotransferase. However, 50 mg/kg oral dose caused increased packed cell volume, neutropenia, decreased alkaline phosphatase and hypochloraemia, whereas oral aqueous dose of 250 mg/kg of body weight caused body weight gain, neutropenia, decreased asparatate aminotransferase and alanineaminotransferase. All the test doses caused lymphocytosis and hypercreatinaemia, hence aqueous extract of Abrus precatorius leaf is toxic at dose levels of 10, 50 and 250 mg/kg body weight.
4
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Antidiarrheal activity of fractions from aqueous extract of Detarium senegalense

81%
Sanni F. S., Hamza H. G., Onyeyili P. A.
Herba Polonica
|
2015
|
tom 61
|
nr 2
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different fractions of the aqueous crude extract of Detarium senegalense stem bark on castor oil-induced diarrhea. Castor oilinduced diarrhea, gastrointestinal motility and castor oil-induced enteropooling methods were used to evaluate the antidiarrheal effects of the fractions. Castor oil was used to induce diarrhea and the effect of all the fractions (chloroform, ethyl acetate, n-butanol, methanol and residual aqueous) were evaluated at the doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight. The results show that all fractions significantly (p<0.05) decreased the frequency of defecation in rats following the induction of diarrhea with castor oil. Ethyl acetate which produced the highest antidiarrheal activity was further subjected to gastrointestinal motility and castor oil-induced enteropooling tests. In the gastrointestinal motility, two test doses of the extract (200 and 400 mg/kg) were administered orally to two groups of rats (n=5), while the third group of rats (control), were treated with normal saline, and the fourth group were treated with diphenoxylate, a conventional anti-diarrheal drug. In the castor oil-induced enteropooling experiment, normal saline was used for the control animals, while 200 and 400 mg/kg of the extract was administered to groups two and three, respectively and atropine, a standard drug, was administered to rats in group four. The ethyl acetate fraction significantly (p<0.05) decreased the gastro-intestinal motility, as shown by the extent of movement of the charcoal meal in the treated rats. It also significantly inhibited the fluid accumulation within the intestine. These findings suggest that the ethyl acetate fraction possess antidiarrheal effect, which may be due to the presence of some phytochemical constituents (alkaloids, flavonoids and tannins) in the plant, which may either be working alone or in combination with each other. This study has demonstrated that D. senegalense fractions, especially the ethyl acetate fraction, possess antidiarrheal activity thus supporting the use of the plant in the treatment of diarrheal diseases.
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