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Background: Diastema is a space between teeth. The most often is maxillary midline diastema between upper central incisors. One of the main causes of diastema is enlarged upper lip frenulum attachment. The aim of the study was to assess frenulum attachment in patients with diastema and investigate if type of upper lip frenulum attachment has an impact on the width of diastema. Materials and methods: Upper lip frenulum attachment was assessed clinically in two groups of adult patients: study group with diastema and control group without diastema. Moreover the width of diastema was measured on plaster models of dentition. The results were statistically analysed. Results: In study material the most often was diastema in range more than 2 mm. There were statistically significant differences between study and control group in upper lip frenulum attachment (p < 0.05). Normal frenulum attachment (mucosal or gingival) was typical for group without diastema, but enlarged frenulum (papillary or papilla penetrating) was characteristic for diastema group. Type of frenulum had significant (p < 0.05) impact to the width of diastema. Small diastema (≤ 2 mm) more often coexisted with normal frenulum. Oversized frenulum was observed in the big diastema (> 2 mm). Conclusions: Patients with diastema have more often oversized upper lip frenulum attachment then patients without diastema. The most often type of frenulum in patients with diastema is papillary and papilla penetrating type. Type of upper lip frenulum attachment has an impact to the size of diastema. (Folia Morphol 2017; 76, 3: 501–505)
Background: The aim of this study was to assess the size of upper incisors and canines in patients with gaps in the upper dental arch, especially medium gap between upper central incisors. Materials and methods: Diagnostic orthodontic models of 30 adult patients with full permanent dentition with diastema in the upper arch were studied. Patients with severe malocclusion, missing teeth and periodontal disease were excluded. Width-to-length (W/L) ratio of the clinical crown of the central, lateral incisors and canines for both sides was measured. Together 180 teeth were tested. The results were compared with the values indicated by Sterrett et al. Results: In all patients, the clinical crowns of central incisors were symmetrical. In most cases, a higher W/L ratio was found, which indicates that the clinical crowns of medial incisors were too broad in relation to the length. Lateral incisors: In most cases, the ratio was the same for the right and the left side; however, a few patients had asymmetry of lateral incisors. Most of the lateral incisors had higher W/L ratios, which means that the teeth were wider than they were long; some had reduced ratios and only in one case the ratio was proper. Canines were also asymmetrical, and none of the canine exhibited perfect proportions. The vast majority showed increased W/L ratio of the clinical crown. In several cases, the W/L ratio was decreased. Conclusions: Patients with gaps between the teeth have abnormal W/L ratio of the clinical crowns of the upper front teeth. The values were increased in the majority of cases, which indicates that the front teeth were wider than they were long in patients with gaps. Moreover, despite the disturbed W/L proportions, central incisors remained symmetrical. In contrast, lateral incisors and canines more often exhibited asymmetries. (Folia Morphol 2015; 74, 4: 493–496)
Background: There are many reports on the impact of diabetes on periodontium as well as the state of organs in diabetics; however, there is little research on the impact of the disease on morphological and anatomical changes in the mineralised tissues like teeth and craniofacial bones. The aim of this study was to present a review of literature on morphological and anatomical changes of mineralised tissues in the course of type 1 diabetes. Materials and methods: A review of PubMed database was made using the keywords: morphological changes, anatomical changes, enamel hypoplasia, type 1 diabetes, induced diabetes and the names of individual anatomical and morphological structures of the teeth. Results: The analysis of experimental studies have shown that in induced type 1 diabetes in rats there is a substantial reduction in the thickness of the enamel and dentin, compared with the control group. The changes in the content of individual minerals in the tissues of the tooth have been shown — a decrease in the concentration of calcium and fluoride ions and an increase in the concentration of magnesium. In a study conducted on embryos of rats born of diabetic dams, defects were observed in enamel organ, which can cause delayed enamel hypoplasia. Literature analysis revealed morphological disorders also in some clinical cases of patients with type 1 diabetes. Conclusions: Type 1 diabetes mellitus as a metabolic disorder may affect changes in the structure of mineralised tissues, thereby increasing their susceptibility to caries development and orthognathic disorders. (Folia Morphol 2016; 75, 3: 275–280)
Endodontium, otherwise referred to as pulp-dentin complex or endodont. This term includes two tooth tissues: dentin and pulp, which constitute a structural and functional unity. These tissues have a huge, inseparable influence on each other — the pulp (inter alia) nourishes the dentine, while the dentin forms a protective barrier for the pulp. They develop from the papillary tissue (Latin: papilladentis) from mesenchymal tissue. Nevertheless, in clinical practice this structural-functional complex is often treated as two separate tissues, and not as a whole. Adequate knowledge of the structure, function and protective mechanisms of the endodontium produces successful results in the treatment. The appropriate choice and application of the therapeutic methods and materials to the dentin secures vitality of both tissues of this complex. (Folia Morphol 2018; 77, 3: 409–415)
Liquid epoxide resins, solvents and solvent-modified epoxide resins, as well as hardeners for epoxide resins, appear to be skin and mucosa irritants of different intensity and possibly have allergenic properties. Therefore, it is required that the employees are qualified and industrial safety rules are followed when these substances are in use in the manufacturing process. Our study evaluated the state of dentition and analysed the loss of teeth in the workers of the laminate and composite materials department of aircraft factory. The research has been carried out in a group of 114 workers, which consisted of 88 men and 26 women 20 to 61 years old. The control group consisted of 41 workers of the administration department in the aircraft factory who did not have any contact with chemical compounds. The workers in the studied group are characterised as having an unsatisfactory state of dentition, as shown by the high rate of lost teeth (74%). Statistically significant difference between the studied group and the control was found when the relationship between the number of lost molar teeth in women in the studied group and those in the control group is taken into consideration, a statistically significant difference appears to refer to teeth 46 and 27. The same statistically important correlation between men in the control and studied groups concerns teeth 16. The research data shows that incisor teeth are the least frequently extracted teeth in the whole population studied. Statistically significant differences can be noted for teeth 21 and 23 between the women in the control group and those in the studied one. Future studies are necessary to assess the potential relationship between the loss of teeth among workers of the department of laminate and composite materials of aircraft factory and their workplace.
Background: The aims of the study were as follows: (1) to examine the width of the dental arches of patients with maxillary midline diastema and compare it with control group; (2) to investigate the impact of the width of upper dental arch on the width of diastema. Materials and methods: Diagnostic orthodontic plaster models of 102 patients with permanent dentition were studied. Patients were divided into two groups: study group with diastema and control group without diastema. Patients with severe malocclusion, craniofacial diseases, hypodontia and microdontia and patients with periodontal disease were excluded. The transpalatal width of palate, premolar and molar arch widths in Pont’s points of upper and lower jaw were measured using digital calliper. The results were statistically analysed. Results: Analysis showed a significant correlation between presence of diastema and premolar and molar width of the dental arches for both upper and lower jaw. Studied widths were larger in patients with diastema compared to the group without diastema. Analysis of the transpalatal width showed statistically significant differences between the study group and the control group. Analysis of widths of diastema and transpalatal widths showed that there was not statistically significant correlation. Conclusions: Patients with diastema had increased in size in both the premolar and molar width of the dental arches. Increase the width affect to both upper and lower dental arch. Patients with diastema also were characterised by often occurrence of normal or increased of the transpalatal width but the width of the diastema did not correlate with the width of the palate. (Folia Morphol 2018; 77, 2: 340–344)
W pracy oceniono poziom magnezu w ślinie osób chorych na stwardnienie rozsiane. Badanie biochemiczne wykonano również w grupie kontrolnej. Na podstawie przeprowadzonych badań stwierdzono obniżony poziom magnezu w ślinie osób chorych w porównaniu z osobami zdrowymi. Wyniki badań mogą sugerować pewien związek ze stwardnieniem rozsianym.
Introduction. Glass-ionomers have the ability to chemically bond to enamel and dentin, and are characterized by longterm fluoride release and absorption of fluoride from surrounding sources. Objective. The aim of the presented long-term clinical trial was to evaluate and compare the three-year clinical performance of the experimental glass-ionomer cement ‘SJZ/W’ with the bi-functional fluid placed in carious and non-carious cavities. Material and methods. Seventy restorations were made in adult patients of both genders. Clinical evaluation was performed at baseline and yearly intervals after placement using Ryge’s scale, considering the surface structure, anatomical form of the restoration and marginal integrity. Results. Immediately after placement, 70 restorations were assessed, 65 of which were subject to clinical evaluation after a year, 63 subject to clinical evaluation after 2 years, and 3-year evaluation was made for 55 restorations. The material showed minor changes in evaluated parameters and no differences were detected between their performance at baseline, and after three years only in anatomical shape. No post-operative sensitivity was recorded. Conclusion. The examined glass-ionomer ‘SJZ/W’ provided an acceptable clinical performance over a three-year period.
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