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A pot experiment was conducted to study the differences of uptake and translocation of Cd and Pb in four water spinach cultivare, including two low-Cd-Pb cultivare and two high-Cd-Pb cultivars. The results showed that the characteristics of low-Cd-Pb and high-Cd-Pb accumulation were stable in the two types of cultivars, respectively. The differences in shoot Cd concentration between low-Cd-Pb and high-Cd-Pb cultivars were attributable to the differences of Cd uptake and translocation from root to shoot, but the differences of shoot Pb concentration appeared to be driven by whole-plant Pb uptake rather than by Pb translocation from root to shoot.
Price decision is studied in a risk-averse retailer-dominated dual-channel supply chain, which consisting of one manufacturers and one retailer with both off-line and on-line channels. Firstly, two mean-variance models in centralized and decentralized supply chain are established. Secondly, the optimal solutions under the two decision modes are compared and analyzed. The results shows that the price of dual-channel of retailer decreased with the increase of retailers’ risk- aversion coefficient and the standard deviation of the fluctuation of market demand, while the wholesale price changes is on the contrary; in addition, when the market demand is greater than a certain value, the prices of dual channel are correspondingly higher in decentralized supply chain than in centralized supply chain, and vice versa. In addition, when the retailer’s risk aversion is in a certain interval, the expected utility of the whole supply chain is greater in centralized supply chain than in decentralized decision, and vice versa. Finally, a numerical example is given to verify the above conclusions
Learning from the motion principle of quadrotor, a symmetric propeller AUV, which has small size and low velocity is designed. Compared with the AUV equipped with rudders, it has better maneuverability and manipulation at low velocity. According to the Newton-Euler method, the 6 DOF kinematic model and dynamic model of the propeller AUV are established. A stability controller that consists of 3 different PID controllers is designed. It makes the depth and attitude angle as trigger conditions, and the relevant controller is chosen in different moving process. The simulation experiments simulate ideal motion state and disturbed motion state, and experiments results show that the stability controller based on combined sections method can make the best of mature technology of PID, and meet the control requirements in different stages. It has a higher respond speed and accuracy, improving the stability of the propeller AUV under the disturbance of complex ocean currents
Seeds store lipids in the form of lipid bodies (LBs) for germination and early seedling growth. LBs can be easily isolated by the established floating-extraction method from oleaginous seeds containing a large quantity of LBs. Compared to oleaginous seeds, maize and other cereal seeds contain a small quantity of LBs, so it is difficult to isolate a sufficient quantity of LBs from their embryos for 2DE-based proteomic analysis. At present, only a limited number of LBs-associated proteins in maize embryos have been identified. We here reported a modified floating-extraction method using polyvinylidene difluoride disc to collect floating LBs from maize embryo extracts. The LBs-associated proteins were resolved with two-dimensional electrophoresis and identified with mass spectrometry. As a result, several well-known LBs proteins were identified in the purified LBs fraction, such as oleosin, caleosin, and steroleosin. We also identified another two LBs proteins, corticosteroid 11-β-dehydrogenase 1 and 11-β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase-like 5. In particular, steroleosin, corticosteroid 11-β-dehydrogenase 1, 11-β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase-like, and hydroxyproline-rich glycoprotein were found as the most abundant protein components in maize LBs. The data set of maize LBs subproteome would provide insights into functional research of LBs-associated proteins during seed development and germination. Additionally, the protocol developed here is expected to be applicable for isolating LBs in other seeds or tissues containing a low quantity of LBs.
In this study, two pairs of oligonucleotide primers were designed according to the nucleotide sequence of the internal transcribed spacers (ITSs) of Babesia bigemina and B. bovis isolates from China. The primers were used in a multiplex PCR to detect parasite DNA in blood samples from cattle. There was no cross reactions with B. ovata, B. major, B. sp. Kashi, Theileria annulata, T. sergenti, T. sinensis or normal bovine DNA. The sensitivity of multiplex PCR assay was 1 pg and 10 pg DNA for B. bigemina and B. bovis, respectively. A total of 260 field blood samples collected from cattle in five provinces of China were analyzed by multiplex PCR and light microscopy. PCR testing revealed that 7.3% (19/260) and 5.8% (15/260) of cattle were positive for B. bigemina and B. bovis and 1.2% (3/260) of cattle were co-infected with B. bigemina and B. bovis. Using light microscopy, 2.3% (6/260) and 1.5% (4/260) of cattle were infected by B. bigemina and B. bovis, respectively, and no co-infection was found. The results showed that the multiplex PCR developed in the present study could be an alternative diagnostic tool for the detection of B. bovis and B. bigemina infection in cattle.
In the process that the submarine-launched missile exits the water, there is the complex fluid solid coupling phenomenon. Therefore, it is difficult to establish the accurate water-exit dynamic model. In the paper, according to the characteristics of the water-exit motion, based on the traditional method of added mass, considering the added mass changing rate, the water-exit dynamic model is established. And with help of the CFX fluid simulation software, a new calculation method of the added mass that is suit for submarine-launched missile is proposed, which can effectively solve the problem of fluid solid coupling in modeling process. Then by the new calculation method, the change law of the added mass in water-exit process of the missile is obtained. In simulated analysis, for the water-exit process of the missile, by comparing the results of the numerical simulation and the calculation of theoretical model, the effectiveness of the new added mass calculation method and the accuracy of the water-exit dynamic model that considers the added mass changing rate are verified
Post-anthesis high temperature stress is a major concern for the winter wheat producing areas in east China, especially in Shandong province. Fourteen agronomic and physiological traits were studied in 58 Chinese wheat accessions under high-temperature conditions in 2012 and 2013. High temperature stress led to reduction in grain yield and other yield component traits. Significant variations were observed for grain yield per plant (GYPP), grain weight per spike (GWS), thousand kernel weight (TKW), grain number of the main-spike, spikelet number and biological yield per plant. Among the physiological traits measured, chlorophyll content and normalized difference vegetation index showed significant variation under high temperature stress. The results indicate that heat susceptibility index estimated for TKW, GYPP, GWS and flag leaf senescence scale (FLSS) could be used as selection criteria for identifying heat tolerant genotypes for the Shandong province. The results also suggest that FLSS is a good, quick visual indicator of staygreen for field selection for heat tolerance. After harvest, TKW can be measured as final indicator of heat tolerance. The varieties Gaoyou 9415, Hemai 13, Jimai 22, Kexin 9, Shannong 8355, Taishan 23, Yannong 5286 and Zimai 7 were heat tolerant and potential germplasm for heat tolerance breeding in Shandong province and other parts of China. The results could be useful for breeding climate resilient varieties for China or other countries in the world suffering high temperature stresses during grain filling period.
Mitochondrial uncoupling proteins (UCPs) play crucial role in the regulation of metabolic thermogenesis, photosynthesis, redox poise, and response to stress situations. However, the involvements UCPs and its regulatory mechanisms in plant mitochondrial respiration and electron transport have not yet been fully substantiated. In this article, we show that UCP is essential for effective respiratory balance and mitochondrial electron transport poise under chilling stress in tomato. Compared with pTRV (non-silenced) plants, suppression of LeUCP the expression by virus-induced gene silencing significantly decreased the total, SHAM-resistant, and CN-resistant respiratory rates, but increased cytosolic glycolysis pathway- related gene expression and enzymes’ activities under chilling stress. The transcripts’ abundances of UCRH, COX1, COX2, AOX1a, AOX2, and NDC1 genes involved in main and bypass miETC components were decreased, while those of NDUO and SDH4 were slightly increased in the leaves of LeUCP-silenced plants. In addition, silencing of LeUCP aggravated H2O2 and O2- accumulation levels in leaves under chilling stress. Our results provide strong evidence that LeUCP is critical for respiratory homeostasis and mitochondrial electron transport signaling under chilling stress in tomato.
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