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The aim of the study was to show the variability of exterior type in Arabian horses bred in three leading stud farms in Poland. A total of 334 adult animals from the basic herd of stud farms in Bialka, Janow Podlaski, and Michalow were studied. Each horse underwent 26 exterior measurements. In the first stage, the method of-exploration of multidimensional data - principal component analysis, was used, and subsequently, a stepwise canonical discriminant analysis. It was found that each stud farm breeds horses with a different metrical pattern. Horses bred in Bialka represent clearly different morphotype comparing to horses from the other stud farms. Individuals from Janow Podlaski are more similar to horses originating from Michalow but morphological variation also occurs between them. From among the 26 metric traits, 10 parameters have a meaningful discriminative power. These include in particular such parameters as the length of the metatarsus, pelvis, arm, and neck, and depth of the chest.
Modern imaging techniques, such as computer tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance (MRI) are among the basic diagnostic methods for various afflictions in human medicine. Recently, these methods have become of great interest in veterinary medicine. Despite the high cost associated with the purchase of such diagnostic equipment, their pres­ence is increasingly visible in veterinary clinics, and this is particularly true for computer tomography. Magnetic resonance is a more sensitive diagnostic method, although its pur­chase is associated with higher expenditure than in the case of CT. At present, veterinary practitioners are increasingly more frequently entering into cooperation with centres of medical science or private clinics, for the benefit of the patient, which possess MRI. The basis for correct reading of the image and interpretation of results is faultless knowl­edge of clinical anatomy and topography of individual structures in the central nervous system. Furthermore, thanks to this knowledge, it is possible to investigate anatomical vari­ance.
The present work describes the morphological distance of a cranium between specimens of Castor fiber from Neolithic period and contemporary specimens which live in the same region of Poland. Two well-pre­served skulls of Neolithic beavers and 32 skulls of contemporary beavers were available. In order to compare the skulls, first the age of the animals was estimated followed by 22 measurements of each skull. On the basis of Principal Components Analysis it was found that the skull in the beaver changes its dimensions with age. Moreover, a strong positive allometry was found of the external sagittal crest in relation to age. The other craniometric features showed negative allometry. The PCA method also made it possible to determine that the skull of a 3-year old Neolithic beaver is as big as skulls of 4- to 5-year old contemporary ones. The skull of the second Neolithic beaver, a 5-year old, is the largest among skulls of contemporary beavers in its age group.
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