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Background. The bacterial infections treatment is complicated by antibiotic resistance. In this fact, the need for new therapeutic approaches to control bacterial infections is crucial. Therefore, discovering new antibiotics from medicinal plants, able to kill drug-resistant bacteria, is essential to saving modern medicine. Objective. This study was to evaluate the in vitro antibacterial activity of Salvia officinalis essential oil (SoEO) growing in Morocco. Material and methods. The essential oil was extracted by hydro distillation, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were determined by agar dilution method. The essential oil was analyzed by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and fractionated/purified using column chromatography followed by thin-layer chromatography (TLC). Results. The results revealed that SoEO showed higher antimicrobial activity against Enterococcus faecalis and Citrobacter freundii. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis, and purification/fractionation of SoEO, indicates that the most polar fraction F6 is the active fraction of SoEO. This finding can be explained by the existence of polar compounds in this fraction including alcohols, and phenols as thymol, eugenol, globulol, and spathulenol. Conclusions. It can be conclude that alcohols and phenols from Salvia officinalis essential oil (SoEO) have promising antibacterial activity. This action can offer a great possibility of the application of SoEO in the treatment of bacterial diseases.
Background. Essential oils have important antibacterial activities and can successfully replace antibiotics, which show their inefficiency, especially against fungi and multi-resistant bacteria. Objective. The main purpose of our research was to investigate the antibacterial and antifungal activity of essential oils from fifteen plants harvested in the Taroudant region. Material and Methods. In this work, the essential oils were extracted by hydrodistillation using a Clevenger-type apparatus. The method of disc diffusion in agar medium (aromatogram) is the one used to evaluate the activity of these essential oils against four pathogenic bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Bacillus sp., and Enterococcus cloacae) and two yeasts (Candida albicans and Cryptococcus neoformans). Results. Our findings, show that all of the plants’ leaves yielded extremely aromatic essential oils that differed in look and color. Furthermore, the 93.33% of the fifteen essential oils that were evaluated proved to be effective against at least one kind of bacteria or fungus. This suggests that the proportion of essential oils with no antibacterial action was rather low, at around 7%. Our data also showed that the freshness or dryness of the plant at the time of harvest could affect the extraction rate of essential oils. This screening showed us that these essential oils present inhibitory activities towards the studied Gram+ bacteria, as well as a resistance against Gram-, in particular Enterococcus cloacae. Conclusion. These essential oils can therefore be used in the prevention and treatment of certain infectious diseases and to fight against bacteria that are multi-resistant to the usual antibiotics.
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