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Kampylobakteriozy u ludzi i zwierzat

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The intracellular survival of Campylobacter has been described within epithelial cells as well as in macrophages in vitro. The goal of this study was to estimate the viability of the genetically diverse C. jejuni and C. coli strains in the macrophage J774 cell line. Strains selected for analysis differed with regard to the occurrence of genes encoding specific virulence factors. The present work indicates that was no correlation between the source of isolates and relative intracellular survival.
The aim of the study was to obtain genotypic differentiation of fungi isolated from milk samples of dairy cows showing clinical signs of mastitis. Twenty strains of fungi were isolated from milk samples and identified as Candida, and then classified into seven different species by API Candida and API ID 32C tests (bioMerieux). Next, the genomic DNA was isolated from each fungal strain and amplified with ITS1 and NL2 primers. Amplification products were digested with HpaII and EcoRI restriction enzymes, while the restriction profiles were resolved in VersaDoc imaging apparatus with the assistance of Quantity One software. PCR with ITS1 and NL2 primers produced DNA fragments of various lengths, raging from 700 to 1000 bp. Their molecular weight was dependent on the fungal species from which DNA was isolated. Comparison of restriction fragment length confirmed differences between species; however, strains similarly classified based on phenotypic characteristics also revealed differences in the restriction fragment profile. For none of the investigated species was a characteristic, uniform genetic profile obtained. Results of the presented study revealed that the examined species did not give a uniform genetic profile, suggesting that Candida strains phenotypically belonging to the same species may have varied genotypes in the analyzed restrictive places.
A total of 69 Campylobacter jejuni and 16 Campylobacter coli strains isolated from chicken, dog and pig stool samples were characterized based on their resistance to five antimicrobial agents and on plasmid pTet profiles. Antimicrobials used in this study were: amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, ciprofloxacin, erythromycin, tetracycline and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole. Among the isolates studied, 91.7% were resistant to one or more antimicrobial agent. The highest level of resistance for the whole test group was to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (57.6%), followed by ciprofloxacin (44.2%) and tetracycline (20%). All isolates were susceptible to amoxicillin/clavulanic acid. Strains isolated from chickens were susceptible to erythromycin. Few erythromycin-resistant strains were isolated from dogs and pigs (5.8%). C. coli strains exhibited a higher antibiotic resistance than C. jejuni strains, excluding resistance to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole. The pTet plasmid harboring the tet(O) gene was detected in 14 Campylobacter spp. strains. Our studies demonstrate that the majority (71.4%) of tetracycline-resistant isolates carry a plasmid-borne tet(O) gene, particularly strains for which the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) are ≥ 256 μg/ml. In conclusion, we have found high-level trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, ciprofloxacin and tetracycline resistance in Polish strains isolated from different sources. This study has demonstrated that resistance of Campylobacter species differs depending on both the bacterial species and animal origins. All strains that displayed resistance to four antimicrobial agents were isolated from pigs. Localization of the tet(O) gene on either plasmid or chromosome was not found to be correlated with tetracycline resistance.
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